GH-40570: [CI] Default environment to Ubuntu 22.04 instead of 20.04

[raulcd]

Rationale for this change

Ubuntu 20.04 will be end of standard support on April 2025. Ubuntu 22.04 and 24.04 have been already released.

We should make our default .env to UBUNTU=22.04.

What changes are included in this PR?

Update .env default to Ubuntu 22.04 and a couple other minor updates to use Ubuntu 22.04

Are these changes tested?

Yes

Are there any user-facing changes?

No

• GitHub Issue: [CI] Default environment jobs to Ubuntu 22.04 instead of Ubuntu 20.04 #40570

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #40570 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[raulcd]

The only jobs that I can think we could migrate from Ubuntu 20.04 to 22.04 are:

• test-ubuntu-20.04-cpp-thread-sanitizer
• test-ubuntu-20.04-cpp-minimal-with-formats

@kou @pitrou any thoughts on those? Any reason to keep them with the existing version?

[kou]

test-ubuntu-20.04-cpp-thread-sanitizer: We can use Ubuntu 22.04 for this.

It was added by #9317 in 2021. It seems that we chose the latest Ubuntu.

test-ubuntu-20.04-cpp-minimal-with-formats: We can use Ubuntu 22.04 for this.

It was added by #34617 in 2023. It seems that it just copied an existing similar task to create this task. So we don't need to pin Ubuntu to 20.04 for this.

[pitrou]

Both are fine indeed, assuming they pass :-)

[pitrou]

@github-actions crossbow submit -g cpp

[github-actions]

Revision: 6169d94

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-201e0201cc

Task	Status
example-cpp-minimal-build-static
example-cpp-minimal-build-static-system-dependency
example-cpp-tutorial
test-alpine-linux-cpp
test-build-cpp-fuzz
test-conda-cpp
test-conda-cpp-valgrind
test-cuda-cpp-ubuntu-20.04-cuda-11.2.2
test-cuda-cpp-ubuntu-22.04-cuda-11.7.1
test-debian-12-cpp-amd64
test-debian-12-cpp-i386
test-fedora-39-cpp
test-ubuntu-20.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-20.04-cpp-bundled
test-ubuntu-20.04-cpp-minimal-with-formats
test-ubuntu-20.04-cpp-thread-sanitizer
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-20
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-emscripten
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-no-threading
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-gcc-13-bundled
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-gcc-14

[raulcd]

@github-actions crossbow submit test-cuda-cpp-ubuntu-20.04-cuda-11.2.2 test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-minimal-with-formats

[github-actions]

Revision: 753cfde

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-b005bc4a51

Task	Status
test-cuda-cpp-ubuntu-20.04-cuda-11.2.2
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-minimal-with-formats

[raulcd]

@github-actions crossbow submit test-skyhook-integration

[github-actions]

Revision: 753cfde

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-991ff4b8ce

Task	Status
test-skyhook-integration

[raulcd]

@github-actions crossbow submit test-skyhook-integration

[github-actions]

Revision: bf0ea8f

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-6966be7437

Task	Status
test-skyhook-integration