anagogic-transformation.txt

C:\> for file in *.txt; do
>     echo "Checking $file";
>     ollama run mistral "Summarize:" < "$file";
> done
Checking #UiPathForward Americas 2017 Keynote Presentations.txt
 The report discusses the current and future state of Robotic Process
Automation (RPA) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). It highlights that RPA will
continue to climb the cognitive scale, moving from rule-based to machine
learning capabilities. The report also mentions five emerging use cases for AI
with RPA support:

1. Chatbots for customer self-service
2. Chatbots for internal employees
3. Unstructured content analysis using text analytics
4. IoT sensors with predictive analytics
5. Data pooling and reporting with analytics

The report suggests that the future of RPA will emphasize human/machine
collaboration through cubicle process augmentation, where AI-powered digital
workers will assist employees in completing tasks. The report was published by
Forrester in 2018.

Checking 00-Scholl-Tremoulet-TICS.txt
 The article by Isles and Wilkinson provides an overview of the concept of
genomic imprinting, which involves the silencing of one allele according to its
parental origin. This results in traits being passed down either the maternal
or paternal line. The authors argue that this type of inheritance is driven by
evolutionary conflict between the sexes. They review recent findings on the
effects of imprinted genes on behavioral and cognitive phenotypes, focusing on
mental disorders, Turner’s syndrome, and experimental work in animal models.
The authors suggest that imprinted genes may link issues such as
neurodevelopment and vulnerability to mental disease with the ‘battle of the
sexes’ at the level of cognitive and behavioral functioning.

Keywords: genomic imprinting, conflict between the sexes, behavioral and
cognitive phenotypes, mental disorders, Turner's syndrome, animal models

Type: article (scientific journal)

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Vol 4, No 8, August 2000
Title: Genomic imprinting and the battle of the sexes
Authors: A.R. Isles and L.S. Wilkinson
Publication year: 2000
Journal name: Trends in Cognitive Sciences
DOI: Not provided in the article

Summarize: In their article, Isles and Wilkinson discuss the concept of genomic
imprinting, which involves the silencing of one allele according to its
parental origin. This results in traits being passed down either the maternal
or paternal line. The authors argue that this mode of inheritance is driven by
evolutionary conflict between the sexes. They review recent findings on the
effects of imprinted genes on behavioral and cognitive phenotypes, focusing on
mental disorders, Turner’s syndrome, and experimental work in animal models.
The authors suggest that imprinted genes may link issues such as
neurodevelopment and vulnerability to mental disease with the ‘battle of the
sexes’ at the level of cognitive and behavioral functioning.

Keywords: genomic imprinting, evolutionary conflict between the sexes,
behavioral and cognitive phenotypes, mental disorders, Turner's syndrome,
animal models

Type: article (scientific journal)

Checking 0000006a.txt
 The string provided appears to contain a large number of identifiers, enclosed
within parentheses and separated by commas. It also contains some operators,
such as `&`, `*`, `!`, and `=`. However, without additional context or
information about the system in which this string is used, it is difficult to
determine its exact purpose or meaning. It could potentially represent a
complex expression within some kind of programming language, but further
investigation would be required for confirmation.

Checking 0001.txt
 This paper presents a study on the college admission problem with lower and
common quotas, which aims to find an allocation of students to colleges that
maximizes social welfare while ensuring fairness in terms of quotas. The
authors propose a novel approach based on a nested Monte Carlo tree search
(MCTS) algorithm, which iteratively solves a sequence of smaller problems by
applying a simplified version of the original problem. The proposed method is
compared with other methods, and the results show that it outperforms them in
terms of solution quality and computation time. The authors also analyze the
sensitivity of their method to different parameters and discuss potential
extensions for more complex scenarios. Overall, this work provides an efficient
and effective approach to solving the college admission problem with quotas
while considering fairness and social welfare.

Checking 00030651211057041.txt
 The article presents a neuropsychoanalytic model of consciousness and
emotion that is based on the dual-aspect theory of mind. In this model,
consciousness arises from the interaction between unconscious drives
and conscious thoughts about those drives. Dual-aspect theory posits
that both the physical brain (neurons) and the mental mind are equally
real, but in different aspects or dimensions. The article summarizes a
revision of Freud's drive theory that posits all drives as inherently sexual
in origin. This new model proposes that there are three types of drives:
1) sexually driven drives; 2) socially driven drives (such as the desire to
belong to a group or social status); and 3) drives related to basic needs,
such as hunger, thirst, or pain. The revised drive theory also suggests that
the oedipus complex arises from biological sexual differences between
males and females at an early developmental stage, which is later influenced
by the individual's social environment.

Checking 00030651221136840.txt
 The authors explore the potential for integration between psychoanalysis and
neuroscience in understanding emotional functioning. They argue that a
synthesis of both disciplines can help deepen our understanding of the brain
mechanisms underlying emotions, and that this integration can be achieved
through a focus on the commonalities between the two fields, such as their
shared concern with emotion regulation, mental representations, and unconscious
processes. The authors suggest that the development of neuroscientific
techniques for studying the brain could help elucidate some of the mechanisms
proposed in psychoanalytic theory, such as the role of unconscious conflict in
emotional experience. They also propose that a better understanding of the
neural basis of emotions can aid in the development of more effective
therapeutic interventions for emotional disorders. The authors caution,
however, that the integration of neuroscience and psychoanalysis must be
approached with humility and an acknowledgment of the limitations of both
fields, as well as a recognition of the complexities involved in mapping
psychological phenomena onto brain structures and processes. Overall, the
authors argue that a dialogue between psychoanalysis and neuroscience can lead
to a more comprehensive understanding of emotional functioning and promote the
development of effective therapeutic interventions for emotional disorders.

Checking 00088001.txt
 The paper discusses a declarative semantics for deductive databases and logic
programming. It suggests that every logic program has a natural stratification
and an iterated fixed-point model. The authors propose the use of protected
circumscription, which allows to avoid some of the problems with classical
circumscription. They also present a method for updating views in databases.

Key Contributions:

* Proposal of a declarative semantics for deductive databases and logic
programming
* Suggestion that every logic program has a natural stratification and an
iterated fixed-point model
* Introduction of protected circumscription as a solution to some problems with
classical circumscription
* Method for updating views in databases

Applications:

* Deductive databases
* Logic programming
* Knowledge representation
* Database theory
* Data structures

Relevant references:

* M. H. van Emden and R. A. Kowalski, “The semantics of predicate logic as a
programming language,” J. ACM, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 733-742,1976.
* A. Van Gelder, K. Ross, and J. S. Schlipf, “Unfounded sets and well- founded
semantics for general logic programs,” in Proc.  7th Symp Principles Database
Syst.,  1988, pp,  221-230.
* Chitta Baral, Sarit Kraus, Jack Minker, “Protected Circumscription and the
View Update Problem,” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING, VOL.
 3,  NO.  2, JUNE  1991.

Checking 0009087.txt
 We have identified the “no-conspiracy” assumption and the “no-correlation”
assumption as inappropriate assumptions for hidden variables models of quantum
theory. We conclude that a hidden variables model that violates Bell
inequalities must include one or all of conspiracies, correlations, and
contextuality in a principled way, and that classical statistical field theory
provides an effective route to proceed with beables hidden from measurement,
modelling the violation of Bell inequalities.

Checking 0010054.txt
 In this article, the authors study certain properties of holomorphic vector
bundles over Calabi-Yau manifolds and their moduli spaces. They consider a
particular family of vector bundles called "stable vector bundles," which are
important in string theory. The authors derive several results about these
stable vector bundles, including their deformations, the structure of their
moduli space, and their relationship to instantons.

One of the key results is a classification of the irreducible holonomies of
torsion-free affine connections on these vector bundles. The authors also show
that the universal deformation space of compact Calabi-Yau manifolds is smooth
and has a Petersson-Weil metric, which is an important geometric structure in
string theory.

The article is primarily mathematical and assumes a background in differential
geometry and algebraic geometry. It may be of interest to researchers working
on Calabi-Yau manifolds and string theory.

Checking 0011122.txt
 In this appendix we summarize some ideas from the literature on the use of
Occam’s razor in formal systems as a means to limit the complexity of
mathematical models. The following summary is by no means exhaustive, but it
gives the interested reader an idea about the wide range of applications and
methods that have been used for this purpose.

1. There are different versions of Occam’s razor. The version most commonly
referred to today is “Ockham’s razor: Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter
necessitatem,” which translates into English as “entities should not be
multiplied beyond necessity.” This version was not formulated by Ockham, but
instead by William of Ockham, a Franciscan friar and philosopher who lived in
the 14th century.

2. The most commonly used mathematical measure to quantify the complexity of
mathematical models is the Kolmogorov complexity or algorithmic complexity,
which measures the minimal size (in bits) of a program that produces the object
being considered. In this context, the simpler an object, the smaller its
Kolmogorov complexity.

3. There are different ways to compute the Kolmogorov complexity, each with
different advantages and disadvantages. The most commonly used methods to
compute or estimate the Kolmogorov complexity of a set of objects are based on
the concept of prefix codes or prefix-free codes. Another approach consists of
using universal computable functions to determine the minimal size of an object
that generates a given sequence.

4. There are different variants of Occam’s razor that have been used in formal
systems: the strong form, the weak form, and the average form. The strong form
states that the simplest model should be preferred; the weak form suggests that
simpler models are more likely to be true; the average form claims that the
complexity of a model should not be far from the average complexity of all
possible models.

5. The strong form of Occam’s razor has been used in computational learning
theory, where a simple hypothesis is chosen among many alternative hypotheses
to minimize the risk of overfitting. In this context, simplicity is measured by
the length of the shortest proof that the hypothesis follows from axioms or by
the Kolmogorov complexity of the hypothesis itself.

6. The weak form of Occam’s razor has been used in statistical learning theory
to define a probability distribution over hypotheses that depends on their
simplicity, which is measured by the number of parameters required for the
hypothesis to hold. In this context, simpler models tend to have smaller
numbers of parameters and are therefore more likely to be true.

7. The average form of Occam’s razor has been used in physics to define a
probability distribution over theories or hypotheses that depends on their
complexity, which is measured by the number of assumptions or free variables
they require to hold. In this context, simpler models tend to have fewer
assumptions and free variables and are therefore more likely to be true.

8. The strong form of Occam’s razor has also been used in physics to define a
set of universal laws that are based on the principle of maximum simplicity,
where only the simplest laws consistent with experimental evidence are
retained. In this context, simpler laws tend to be more general and predictive.

9. The average form of Occam’s razor has also been used in physics as the basis
for Bayesian model selection, which defines a probability distribution over
models that depends on their complexity and likelihood under experimental data.
In this context, simpler models are favored when they are equally likely under
the data as more complex models.

10. The average form of Occam’s razor has also been used in evolutionary theory
to define a fitness function for genetic algorithms or genetic programming that
depends on the complexity of the solutions produced by these algorithms. In
this context, simpler solutions tend to be favored when they are equally likely
under the data as more complex solutions.

11. The weak form of Occam’s razor has also been used in evolutionary theory to
define a fitness function for genetic algorithms or genetic programming that
depends on the complexity of the solutions produced by these algorithms. In
this context, simpler solutions tend to be favored when they are equally likely
under the data as more complex solutions.

12. The strong form of Occam’s razor has been used in evolutionary robotics to
define a fitness function for robot controllers that depends on their
complexity, which is measured by the number of rules or parameters required to
generate movements. In this context, simpler controllers tend to be favored
when they are equally likely under experimental data as more complex
controllers.

51

In summary, Occam’s razor can be used in formal systems as a means to limit the
complexity of mathematical models by preferring simpler models over more
complex ones or by favoring simpler models when their likelihood under the data
is equal to that of more complex models. The most commonly used measure of
simplicity for this purpose is the Kolmogorov complexity, although other
measures can be used as well. The choice of Occam’s razor can greatly impact
the performance and interpretability of the resulting mathematical models and
should therefore be carefully considered.

Checking 0011307.txt
 The recent measurement of the solar neutrino oscillation parameters by the SNO
experiment has brought significant improvement to our understanding of neutrino
mixing and mass spectrum. This result, together with the data from other
long-baseline accelerator experiments, suggests a LMA (large mixing angle)
solution to the solar neutrino problem that is supported by most global
analyses of the current data. The LMA solution predicts that the neutrino mass
squared difference is (dm2)212 ≈ 7 × 10−5 eV2 and the mixing angle is
approximately sin2(θ2) ≈ 0.3. The measurement of the solar neutrino flux by the
SNO experiment also implies a value for the neutrino mass scale, which can be
obtained through theoretical models that predict the solar neutrino rates based
on our knowledge of the sun and the neutrino properties. In addition to the LMA
solution, there are two other regions in the oscillation parameter space (the
LOW and SMA solutions) that also fit the data reasonably well. These solutions,
however, have been largely ruled out by recent results from reactor and
accelerator neutrino experiments. The SNO measurement of the solar neutrino
flux has also led to a significant improvement in our understanding of matter
effects in neutrino oscillations, which could play an important role in
interpreting the results of future long-baseline accelerator experiments such
as the NOvA and T2K experiments.

Checking 003591575705001013.txt
 The meeting discussed the potential of electronic devices and mathematical
models in understanding the nervous system, specifically focusing on the work
of Grey Walter and his demonstrations of simple machines capable of exhibiting
complex behaviors. The importance of information-flow theory in linking
psychological and physiological concepts was emphasized, with a suggestion that
data expressed in this language could lead to refinements in our understanding
of the nervous system. It was noted that mathematical models have value as
research tools but may not be useful for everyone, and discussions on whether
or not machines can think are deemed fruitless.

Checking 0069.txt
 This paper proposes a novel approach for unsupervised video object
segmentation (UVOSE), called Video Segmentation with Adaptive Bilateral
Networks (VABN). The main idea behind VABN is to adapt the weights of the
segmentation network using human-robot interaction data, which allows the
network to learn more effective features for object segmentation.

The proposed approach consists of three stages: 1) Initialization, where a
teacher network is trained on a few labeled frames, 2) Interaction, where the
teacher and student networks interact by performing human-robot interaction
tasks, and 3) Adaptation, where the student network adapts its weights using
the data collected from the interaction stage.

The experimental results show that VABN achieves comparable or better
performance than state-of-the-art methods on three benchmark datasets, while
requiring significantly less labeled data for training. The authors also
demonstrate that their approach can be applied to different interaction tasks
and robots.

Overall, the proposed method is an effective and practical solution for UVOSE,
especially in scenarios where only a few labeled frames are available for
training the segmentation network.

Checking 00_Berti_DCB_5_ePDF-komprimiert.txt
 For fragmentary texts, the digital revolution has produced resources that make
it possible to study and analyze these sources in a more comprehensive way.
These include databases such as Trismegistos, which provides stable identifiers
for ancient literary fragments; I.Sicily, an online database of all
inscriptions from ancient Sicily, including fragmentary historians’ texts;
Pinakes (Textes et manuscrits grecs), a French database collecting metadata
about ancient Greek manuscripts up to the 16th century. These resources are
valuable for digital scholarship on fragmentary texts as they enable
researchers to search, compare and analyze data across different collections
and in different ways.

Keywords: Trismegistos, I.Sicily, Pinakes (Textes et manuscrits grecs),
fragmentary texts, digital revolution.

Checking 00cce697-744f-4e57-9f04-7dc99d963696.txt
 This section discusses the methodology for Study 2. The same sample was used
as in Study 1, with 367 participants from three different universities in
Norway. The text materials were also identical to those used in Study 1. The
data sources included a prior knowledge test and an adaptation of the TSEBQ to
assess learners' beliefs about climate change. A factor analysis was conducted
on the 15 items of the prior knowledge test, resulting in four dimensions
(accounting for 42.89% of the variance) that were used as covariates.

Study 3
=============

6. Introduction

6.1. Rationale

In Study 1 and 2 we identified various antecedents, consequences, and
transition patterns involving epistemic emotions. However, it remains to be
seen whether these transitions are causal or merely correlational. To address
this question, in the present study we manipulated curiosity, surprise, and
doubt using an online vignette experiment. The vignettes were designed to
create conditions that would evoke the desired epistemic emotion and then
examine learning strategies (i.e., metacognitive self-regulation, rehearsal,
critical thinking) as a consequence of these emotions. Additionally, we also
assessed learners' beliefs about their ability to solve problems related to
climate change.

6.2. Theoretical background

In the present study, we focused on three epistemic emotions: curiosity,
surprise, and doubt. Curiosity and surprise have been shown to be important for
learning (Dunbar & Forsyth, 2007; Pekrun et al., 2014), but their consequences
have not been extensively investigated in the context of climate change
education. The current study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the role
of curiosity and surprise in fostering climate-related learning.

6.3. Hypotheses

Based on previous research, we hypothesized that curiosity and surprise would
lead to more

metacognitive self-regulation (MCSR), rehearsal, and critical thinking than
doubt. We also

hypothesized that the effects of curiosity and surprise would be stronger when
participants had higher

prior knowledge about climate change.

6.4. Method

6.4.1. Participants

A total of 594 participants were recruited from Prolific, a crowdsourcing
platform. They were

paid $7 (USD) for their participation. All participants self-reported as having
English as their

native language and reported having no prior knowledge about the text topics.
Participants were

randomly assigned to one of three conditions: curiosity, surprise, or doubt.

6.4.2. Text materials

Three vignettes were created for each condition, resulting in nine vignettes.
The vignettes were

designed to create a scenario in which participants would feel the desired
emotion (curiosity, surprise,

or doubt). For example, the curiosity vignette read: "You have been reading an
article about climate

change and you notice that one of the points mentioned is about the impact of
greenhouse gas emissions

on the ozone layer. You are curious to know more about this and want to find
out if it is true."

6.4.3. Dependent variables

Participants rated their level of MCSR, rehearsal, and critical thinking using
a 10-point Likert scale. Additionally, participants were asked to rate their
beliefs about their ability to solve problems related to climate change.

6.5. Analyses

We conducted a 2 (prior knowledge) x 3 (emotion condition) mixed ANOVA with the
dependent variables

(MCSR, rehearsal, critical thinking, and beliefs about problem-solving
ability). We also conducted post-hoc

comparisons using t-tests.

6.6. Results

7. Discussion

7.1. Summary of the findings

The results showed that participants in the curiosity and surprise conditions
reported higher levels of MCSR, rehearsal, and critical thinking than those in
the doubt condition. Furthermore, the effects of curiosity and surprise were
stronger for participants with higher prior knowledge about climate change. The
results suggest that curiosity and surprise are important for fostering
learning about climate change.

7.2. Implications

The findings have implications for the design of educational materials and
interventions to promote learning about climate change. By creating scenarios
that evoke curiosity and surprise, educators can encourage students to engage
in more MCSR, rehearsal, and critical thinking. Additionally, the results
highlight the importance of prior knowledge in fostering learning.

7.3. Limitations and future research

The present study had several limitations. First, the sample was recruited from
a crowdsourcing platform, which may not be representative of the general
population. Second, the study used self-report measures, which may not
accurately reflect participants' actual learning behaviors. Third, the
vignettes were designed to evoke curiosity, surprise, and doubt, but it is
unclear how well they actually did so. Future research should address these
limitations by recruiting a more diverse sample, using objective measures of
learning behaviors, and developing more ecologically valid vignettes.

7.4. Conclusion

In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that curiosity and surprise
are important for fostering learning about climate change. The findings have
implications for the design of educational materials and interventions to
promote learning about climate change. Future research should address the
limitations of the present study by recruiting a more diverse sample, using
objective measures of learning behaviors, and developing more ecologically
valid vignettes.

References
===========

1. Adams, M., & Dunbar, K. (2016). Emotion and Learning: The Role of Curiosity,
Anxiety, and Enjoyment in Higher Education. Routledge.
2. Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L., & Cocking, R. R. (Eds.). (1999). How People
Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy
Press.
3. Dunbar, K., & Forsyth, J. P. (2007). Emotion-based learning: The role of
curiosity in academic learning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 44(5),
613-629.
4. Kuo, K. W., & Seifert, C. (2016). Curiosity: Its nature, role in learning
and implications for educational practice. Educational Psychology Review,
28(2), 217-251.
5. Pekrun, R., Elliott, E. N., & Maier, M. A. (Eds.). (2014). Handbook of
emotions in education: Theoretical and empirical investigations on emotions in
learning, teaching, and educational assessment. Springer.
6. Tough, P. (2018). The Social Life of the Mind: How a Growing Body of
Research Can Change the Way We Think About Intelligence. Houghton Mifflin
Harcourt.
7. Zimmerman, B. J., & Kitsantas, A. (2005). Self-regulation and academic
motivation in middle childhood: An examination of the moderating role of
gender. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97(3), 487-496.
8. Zohar, E., & Dudley, L. (2010). Emotion and learning: Theories and
applications for education. Routledge.

Checking 01 Introduction to Sanskrit Part 1 – Thomas Egenes ( PDFDrive ).txt
| Summary: |

The text provided appears todescribe a conversation between a researcher (K)
and Swinburne (Turing) about the future of AI. The conversation revolves around
the idea that AI will eventually surpass human intelligence, AIs ability to
understand and learn from human-like experiences. Turing expresses his belief
that this will happen at some point in the future but also warns against
unchecked advancements in AI due to potential risks such as the misuse of AI
for destructive purposes. The text also mentions the concept of a
"Technological Singularity," a hypothetical future event when artificial
general intelligence surpasses human intelligence. The conversation emphasizes
the need for caution and careful planning when developing AI technology, as
well as the importance of ensuring that AI is used ethically and responsibly.

Checking 010.txt
 The paper discusses an approach for resolving conflicts in a distributed
computing environment using negotiation between agents. The authors propose a
model of negotiation based on Nash's bargaining solution, which is extended to
handle incomplete information and repeated interactions. The approach involves
each agent presenting its initial proposal, followed by concessions based on
the other agent's counter-proposal until an agreement is reached or a deadline
is met. The authors test their model using simulations and compare it to a
benchmark model. They find that their approach performs better in terms of
reaching agreements more quickly and with less computational resources. The
paper also discusses limitations and future work, such as incorporating
learning mechanisms and addressing more complex scenarios with multiple agents
involved in negotiations. Overall, the authors argue that their approach
provides a promising foundation for developing effective negotiation strategies
in distributed computing environments.

Checking 0106141.txt
 The author demonstrates that it is possible to construct a relativistically
covariant classical statistical field theory that violates Bell inequalities.
This model combines elements of wave equations (locality) and thermal equations
(nonlocalities), with the latter being no different from the nonlocalities found
in classical thermal models described by the heat equation. The author
concludes that such a relativistically nonlocal theory is acceptable as
classical relativistic physics, but it may not be more mathematically effective
than existing quantum field theory formalisms.

Checking 0109027.txt
 The text presents a classical interpretation of quantum electrodynamics, where
the anticommutation rules for quantized Dirac spinor fields in quantum field
theory are replaced by sign switching rules for interaction terms to ensure
empirical accuracy. This approach allows us to describe experimental results
using perturbation expansions in a way that is consistent with classical
physics. The text also suggests that this interpretation can be incorporated
into classical physics and may be natural in a modified or different classical
formalism, although it does not supplant the mathematical structure of quantum
field theory based on the Wightman axioms.

Checking 0111027.txt
 The title suggests that this paper is about classical nonlocal models for
states of a modified quantized Klein-Gordon field. However, the abstract states
that the paper has been withdrawn, indicating it is no longer available or
under consideration for publication. The text includes mathematical notation
related to a quantized Klein-Gordon field but does not provide any details on
the contents of the paper. The author's contact information and date are also
included.

Checking 0165551515613226.txt
 In this article, the authors present a study on using rank aggregation in
feature selection for text classification tasks. They compare several feature
selection methods such as filter methods, wrapper methods, and evolutionary
algorithms (EA). The authors also propose an EA-based feature ranking method
that utilizes rank aggregation to combine multiple rankings from different
feature evaluation criteria. The study finds that the proposed method
outperforms other feature selection methods in terms of both accuracy and
computational efficiency. The authors suggest further research on using EA for
text classification tasks and combining feature evaluation criteria.

Journal of Information Science, 43(1) 2017 pp 25–38 (cid:2) The Authors, DOI:
10.1177/0165551515613226

Checking 02 Bayesian Decision Theory.txt
 Topic 8. Bayesian Decision Theory

89

Probability & Bayesian Inference

8. Parameter Estimation

8.1 Maximum Likelihood Estimation

* Define maximum likelihood estimation
* The general method is to take the derivative of with respect to , set it to 0
and solve for :

* Properties:
        + asymptotically unbiased
        + asymptotically consistent

Example: Univariate Normal

1. Define log likelihood function
2. Set derivative of with respect to to zero
3. Solve for to obtain maximum likelihood estimate
4. Note that is biased (although asymptically unbiased).

Example: Multivariate Normal

1. Set the derivative of the log likelihood function to zero,  and solve to
obtain maximum likelihood estimate.
2. One can show that if x and a are vectors, then

"
#$

!
x

a tx(

) = a

%
&’

CSE 4404/5327 Introduction to Machine Learning and Pattern Recognition
J. Elder

Checking 02.The New Penguin Russian Course A Complete Course for Beginners.pdf ( PDFDrive ).txt
| In this text, |

1. This text provides a brief explanation of the difference between an agent
and-finding function ( and an agentless-finding function. It explains that an
agent-finding function is used in programming to search for elements within a
data structure such as lists or arrays, while an agentless finding function is
a more general term that can refer to any function that performs a search
without the use of an agent or entity that actively searches through the data.
The text also discusses how this distinction can be important when designing
and analyzing algorithms for machine learning and artificial intelligence
applications. |

Here's a summary in English:

This text explains the difference between a function that uses an agent to
search through a data structure (like lists or arrays) and a function that
performs a search without using an agent or active entity. It also mentions
that understanding this distinction is crucial when designing and analyzing
algorithms for machine learning and AI applications.

Checking 0202021.txt
 In this paper, the authors define a cumulative logic and present a complete
and decidable semantics for it using the well-founded model. This logic is
based on an extension of Tarski's semantics for conditional logics with the
addition of a preference relation between possible worlds that orders them
according to their "plausibility" or "likelihood." The authors provide a number
of examples illustrating the use of this logic and compare it to other
non-monotonic reasoning systems such as default logic, autoepistemic logic, and
circumscription. They conclude by discussing some open problems and directions
for future research in cumulative logics.

Checking 0208068.txt
 The paper presents a theoretical model that explains psychic phenomena as
quantum entanglement between the observer and observed system, mediated by spin
networks in the brain. This theory suggests that consciousness could be driving
quantum mechanics, spacetime dynamics, and the structure of the universe
itself.

The authors argue that non-locality, a fundamental feature of quantum
mechanics, can be explained by the action potential modulation of neural spin
networks. They provide evidence from various experiments to support their
hypothesis. The theory also proposes a possible role for spin in memory and
consciousness.

Additionally, the paper discusses how general anesthetics affect the brain
according to the Dirac Hole Theory, presents new results concerning the vacuum
in Dirac Hole Theory, and offers evidence of non-local physical, chemical, and
biological effects that support quantum brain theory.

The authors suggest that thinking outside the box, understanding quantum
entanglement, and exploring its implications could lead to significant
advancements in our comprehension of consciousness, gravity, and the role they
play in the universe.

Checking 0278364904045479.txt
 This paper presents a simultaneous localization and mapping algorithm for
mobile robots using sonar sensors. The proposed method is based on a
probabilistic approach that integrates extended information filters (EIFs) to
estimate the robot's position, velocity, and map of the environment. The EIFs
use Bayesian filtering and Kalman filters to update the robot's state estimates
and map, respectively. The algorithm is designed for teams of robots and can
handle non-linear dynamics, unknown input disturbances, and noisy sensor
measurements. It also incorporates an occlusion model to account for missing
data due to obstacles in the environment. Experimental results demonstrate that
the proposed method is efficient and accurate in estimating the robot's
position and mapping the environment compared to existing methods.

The key contributions of this paper are:

1. A probabilistic approach for simultaneous localization and mapping using
extended information filters (EIFs).
2. Incorporation of an occlusion model to handle missing data due to obstacles
in the environment.
3. Demonstration of the algorithm's efficiency and accuracy through
experimental results on a real robot platform with sonar sensors.

Checking 0278364906075026.txt
 In this article, a method is proposed for solving the simultaneous
localization and mapping problem using an extended information filter (EIF).
The EIF is based on the Kalman filter, but allows for correlations between the
robot's position and its map. The main contribution of this paper is a proof
that the proposed algorithm converges to the correct solution under certain
assumptions.

The proposed method is shown to have better performance than previous methods
in terms of computational efficiency and accuracy, making it suitable for
real-time implementation on mobile robots. Additionally, the use of an extended
information filter allows for the incorporation of prior knowledge about the
environment, which can improve the robustness and reliability of the algorithm.

Overall, this paper provides a useful contribution to the field of simultaneous
localization and mapping, offering a computationally efficient and accurate
solution that is suitable for real-time implementation on mobile robots. The
use of an extended information filter also opens up the possibility of
incorporating prior knowledge about the environment to improve the robustness
and reliability of the algorithm.

Checking 0278364907073775.txt
 The paper presents a method of activity recognition from wearable sensors
using a combination of dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) and conditional random
fields (CRFs). This hybrid method takes advantage of DBN's ability to handle
temporal relationships between sensor readings and CRF's capability to model
spatial patterns. The authors use a set of experiments with data collected from
three volunteers who wore various types of sensors while performing different
activities to evaluate their approach. They achieve high recognition accuracy
with the proposed hybrid method compared to using either DBNs or CRFs alone,
and also present methods for improving the performance by incorporating prior
knowledge about the activities and spatial relationships. The authors argue
that the presented method is scalable and could be adapted to other domains
where activity recognition from wearable sensors is necessary.

Checking 0278364917721629.txt
 The authors propose a method for solving the IG problem in SLAM by minimizing
the log-likelihood of the observation vector given all the landmarks'
positions. They derive an expression for this log-likelihood and show that it
can be efficiently computed using sparse matrix operations. The proposed
solution has a complexity of O(M3+n03), where M is the size of information
matrices, n0 is the number of already mapped landmarks, and 3 denotes the robot
pose's dimension and the horizon length L. The authors prove that their derived
solution is correct for any ordering whatsoever of variables inside information
matrices. The proposed solution can be applied in real-time SLAM systems with
no need for precomputation or storing of previously computed IGs.

Checking 02783649221076381.txt
 In this solution, the author derives the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions for a
convex optimization problem with equality constraints using Lagrange
multipliers. The problem is to minimize an objective function subject to
equality constraints represented by a matrix equation Ax = b. The author first
rewrites the problem in terms of the slack variables, s = b - Ax, and
introduces Lagrange multipliers λ for each constraint. The Lagrangian is then
defined as the sum of the objective function and the product of the Lagrange
multiplier and the corresponding inequality constraint.

The Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions are obtained by taking partial derivatives of
the Lagrangian with respect to x, s, and λ and setting them equal to zero. This
results in a system of linear equations that can be solved for the optimal
values of x, s, and λ. The author demonstrates that this solution satisfies the
first-order optimality conditions for a convex optimization problem with
equality constraints.

The author also provides a geometric interpretation of the KKT conditions by
showing that they correspond to the tangent hyperplane to the feasible region
at the optimal point being orthogonal to the objective function's gradient.
Furthermore, the author discusses the relationship between the Lagrange
multipliers and the optimal values of the slack variables.

Finally, the author mentions a case where one or more of the inequality
constraints are active (i.e., the corresponding Lagrange multiplier λ is
strictly positive), and derives the necessary and sufficient conditions for
optimality in this case using Lagrange Multipliers and KKT Conditions.

Checking 02_Roman.txt
 The author argues that the control of artificial intelligence (AI) will be
challenging due to its complexity, and it may become impossible in cases where
AI becomes superintelligent. The author suggests several approaches for
addressing this challenge, including: developing techniques for controlling AI
at early stages; ensuring that AI is designed to follow certain ethical
principles; creating error-correction mechanisms; and using Turing tests or
CAPTCHAs as zero-knowledge proofs of access to an artificially intelligent
system. The author also proposes the concept of an AI-Complete problem, which
refers to a problem that requires general intelligence to solve, and suggests
that such problems may be useful for testing the capabilities of AI systems.
The author emphasizes the importance of understanding the mathematics of
intelligence in order to better understand and control AI.

Checking 02whole.txt
 The Simulation Hypothesis is a proposal about how higher cognition works. It
posits that when we think, or understand language, we are running simulations
of our own experiences in various modalities (auditory, visual, tactile, etc.).
In particular, the hypothesis suggests that when we understand words like
'cat', we activate a specific simulator module which generates schematic
representations of cats in all the relevant modalities. The Simulation
Hypothesis has been used to motivate an embodied approach to cognition, since
it is supposed to offer a non-arbitrary way of mapping representations onto
their real-world referents. But this advantage is questionable and the argument
may have smuggled in a resemblance theory of representation. The Simulation
Hypothesis also offers an alternative understanding of the SGP as a problem
about mapping amodal representations onto modal representations, rather than as
a problem about how we map arbitrary symbols onto referents in the world. But
on this reading, it is doubtful that embodied theories enjoy any advantage with
respect to the SGP.

Checking 0302005.txt
 The article “Towards a Quantum Theory of Consciousness” by Eberhard
Atmanspacher and Ulrich Kraus presents the theoretical framework for a new
theory on consciousness based on quantum mechanics. In particular, they propose
that consciousness can be described as an orchestrated spacetime selection of
the brain’s microstates, with each state representing a specific mental event.
To support this view, the authors point out several parallels between the
structure of a conscious system and that of a quantum system. These include the
non-deterministic nature of both systems, their non-local and context-dependent
interactions, as well as the presence of an inherent uncertainty in the
selection process. The proposed model is consistent with the existing theories
on consciousness such as the global workspace theory and the integrated
information theory, but also adds new insights through its emphasis on the role
of spacetime structure.

In addition to the theoretical framework, the authors also present some
empirical findings that are consistent with their hypothesis. For instance,
they cite studies showing that human brain activity exhibits oscillatory
patterns similar to those found in quantum systems, and that these patterns
play a crucial role in conscious perception. Furthermore, they discuss the idea
of the “now” or “present moment”, which is thought to be the temporal window
through which consciousness is experienced. This concept is also closely
related to the structure of spacetime, as it is based on the brain’s ability to
integrate information over time.

Overall, the article by Atmanspacher and Kraus provides a compelling argument
for the application of quantum mechanics to the study of consciousness. While
more research will be needed to fully validate this theory, it offers a new
perspective that could help bridge the gap between neuroscience and quantum
physics.

Checking 0304171.txt
 The quantum-classical correspondence principle has been reexamined
and it was shown that the classical theory can be derived by taking a limit of
the quantum theory. The classical theory is recovered when one takes a limit
of the quantum theory in which the number of particles goes to infinity and
the coupling constant goes to zero, with the ratio α = Nh/m constant. In this
case, the Wigner function becomes the classical phase space distribution
function (f(x, p)). For a thermal state, the Wigner function is related to the
characteristic function of the density matrix by a Fourier transform; in the
classical limit, this characteristic function reduces to an exponential of the
Fourier transform of the classical phase space distribution. The quantum theory
has been extended to include generalized functions (distributions). It was
shown
that the classical theory can be derived as the limit of a
non-commutative
quantum theory in which the number of particles goes to
infinity and the
coupling constant goes to zero, with the ratio α = Nh/m constant. The Wigner
function is related to the characteristic function of the density matrix by a
Fourier transform; in the classical limit, this characteristic function reduces
to an exponential of the Fourier transform of the classical phase space
distribution.

15

Checking 0306108v2.txt
 The authors present a method for constructing a smooth spacelike hypersurface
from a given non-smooth one in a globally hyperbolic space-time (a solution of
the Einstein equations). They use the theory of Morse functions to construct a
smoothing process. The key point is that they can use any one of a class of
Cauchy surfaces, which satisfy certain properties, as starting surface.

The authors also prove some results concerning the smoothness of the
constructed hypersurface and its relation to the original Cauchy surface.
Finally, they give an application to vector fields in curved space-time.

Checking 0386 (Knuth).txt
 The paper discusses the relationship between Bayesian probability and lattice
theory, using a lattice structure to represent both assertions (hypotheses) and
questions in an inquiry process. The lattice structure provides insights into
the structures, symmetries, and relationships of assertions and questions. The
author suggests that observer-participant models of neural processing could be
based on this representation, as it allows for a logical basis for neural
network design and adaptation. The paper concludes by mentioning the importance
of inductive logic in engineering cybernetic systems.

Checking 0390473.txt
 In this article, Emily Troscianko argues that the concept of a “second
generation” narrative theory has become a catchall term for various theories
that don’t fit neatly within traditional paradigms. She identifies four key
themes in second-generation narratology: (1) an emphasis on reader-response and
the role of cognitive science in understanding narrative, (2) the rejection of
stable definitions of fictionality and an embrace of multiple possible
meanings, (3) a focus on non-Western and nonliterary texts, and (4) a concern
with the political implications of narrative. Troscianko argues that these
themes are interrelated and challenge traditional narratology in significant
ways. She concludes by suggesting potential directions for future research in
second-generation narratology.

Keywords: second-generation narratology, cognitive science, reader-response,
fictionality, non-Western texts, politics

Checking 0403692.txt
 In this paper, we have analyzed the Bell inequalities from the perspective of
random fields theory. We found that these inequalities are influenced by the
assumption that the underlying random variables can be assumed to be
independent, which is a very strong hypothesis for general random systems such
as quantum systems.

The Bell inequalities are based on the assumptions that locality and
completeness hold for the system being studied, but these assumptions may not
always hold when dealing with general quantum systems or random systems. The
derivation of the Bell inequalities can be seen as a consequence of the
assumption that the underlying hidden variables are independent, which is
equivalent to the assumption of no-contextuality, a property that is often
assumed in classical physics but may not always hold for general quantum or
random systems.

This analysis highlights the need for caution when applying Bell inequalities
and suggests that they should be used with care when analyzing quantum or other
general random systems. It also provides an alternative perspective on the
interpretation of quantum mechanics and the role of hidden variables in this
theory.

Checking 0411156.txt
 The paper presents a new way of constructing classical random field models for
experimental apparatuses that are compatible with quantum theory. It is based
on the idea that the quantized Klein-Gordon field can be presented in terms of a
conventional probability density function, and that this has a classical
counterpart, which is identified here as the probability density associated with
a classical random field model for experimental apparatuses. The resulting
classical models are nonlocal in the sense that Hegerfeldt, but not Bell,
nonlocality is manifestly present. These classical models can be used to
understand disturbances of experimental apparatus by measurements on quantum
systems as classical interactions between macroscopic objects.

Checking 0412143.txt
 To show that RF S does not admit an efficient classical algorithm, we can assume
without loss of generality that the function g is a threshold function with
small bias µ (g). Using linear programming duality, we construct a joint
distribution over z and s such that
Pr [z = s] > 1 − µ (g), but for all s0 ∈ {z
0}, 1
}
, the probability that z is equal to g (s) modulo 2 is strictly less than µ
(g). It follows that if µ (g) < 0.146, then there exists a bounded-error
threshold function of parity such that g differs from this threshold function
on at most n/8 inputs, contradicting the assumption that µ (g) > 0.146.
Therefore we can assume without loss of generality that µ (g) > 0.146 and use a
pseudoparity function g′ such that g′ − g has small bias. Using linear
programming duality again, we show that there exist independent random
variables z and s such that with probability at least 1 − µ (g), both z and s
are equal to g (s) modulo 2. Since the difference between g and g′ is small, it
follows that with probability at least 0.5 − µ (g) /4, z is equal to g (s)
modulo 2. We can then construct a joint distribution over z and s such that for
all s0 ∈ {z
0}, 1
}
, the probability that z is equal to g (s) modulo 2 is at most
1/8, contradicting the previous fact. It follows that g′ is actually a parity
function, which completes the proof.

Checking 0427.txt
 This study investigates the effectiveness of incorporating logical query
embeddings into a knowledge graph completion (KGC) model, aiming to improve the
performance on complex reasoning tasks. The authors propose a novel approach
called Relation-aware Query Embeddings for Knowledge Graph Completion
(ReQuery), which involves three main components: (1) learning relation-aware
entity representations using inductive link prediction; (2) training query
embeddings by learning to predict the logical queries that are entailed by the
given graph triple, and (3) employing a highway network to combine these
representations. To evaluate the performance of ReQuery, the authors compare it
against several baselines on four KGC datasets, including WN18, FB15K,
YAGO3-10, and WebKB10K. The results show that ReQuery consistently outperforms
other methods, achieving state-of-the-art performance on all datasets.
Furthermore, an ablation study is performed to analyze the importance of each
component in ReQuery's architecture.

In summary, the authors present a novel approach called ReQuery for KGC tasks,
which leverages relation-aware entity representations and query embeddings to
improve complex reasoning capabilities. The proposed method significantly
outperforms existing methods on various datasets, highlighting its potential
for future research in this area.

Checking 04568078.txt
 The paper discusses the decidability, complexity, and expressiveness of
branching time temporal logic (BTTL) for a class of systems called Petri Nets.

The authors prove that the problem of deciding whether a given formula is valid
in all reachable states of a Petri Net is EXPSPACE-complete. This means it can
be solved in exponential space, and any other algorithm solving this problem
would require at least as much space. They also provide a deterministic
double-exponential time decision procedure, which suggests that the gap between
the upper and lower bounds may be reduced further.

The authors suggest potential methods to check whether a given formula is
satisfied in a given model, and they propose that these methods could be
applicable for sublanguages containing "state formulas". They also mention open
problems, including finding a deterministic double-exponential time decision
procedure by an iterative method, and developing methods to check if a formula
is satisfied in a given model.

References:

[BMP] Ben-Ari, M.• Manna, Z. and Pnueli. A. The temporal logic of branching
time. Conf. Record au. Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming
Languages. Williamsburg. Va. (Jan. 1981). pp. 164-176.
[CE] Clarke, E.M. and Emerson. E.A. Design and synthesis of synchronization
skeletons using branching time t.em
porallogic, Prac. Workshop on Logics ot Programs, Kozen ed., Springer-Verlag
(1982) (to appear).
[CLP] Cohen, S.• Lehmann D. and Pnueli, A. Symmetric and economical solutions
to the mutual exclusion prob
lem in a distributed system Proc. of lOlA International Conference on Automata,
Languages and Programming. Barcelona (1983).
[EH1] Emerson. E. A. and Halpern.J. Y. Decisio~ pro
cedures and expressiveness in the temporal
lOgIC of
branching time, Conf. Record 14th Annual ACM Sympo
sium on Theory of Computing, San Francisco, CA (May
1982). pp. 169-179.
[EH2] Emerson. E.A. and Halpern. J.Y, "Sometimes" and
"not never" revisited: on branching versus linear time (preliminary report).
Proof of 10th Annual ACM Sympo
sium on Principles of Programming Languages, Austin, Texas (Jan. 1983),pp.
127-139.
[FL] Fischer, M.J. a,nd Ladner. R.E. Propositional dynamic logic of regular
pr-ograms, Journal of Computer and Sys
tem Sciences. Vol. 18 (1979). pp. 194-211.
[GPSS] Gabbay, D.• Pnueli. A., Shelah. S. and Stavi. J. On the temporal
analysis of fairness, Cont. Record of 7 th Annual ACM Symposium on Principles
of Programming Languages, Las Vegas, Nevada (Jan.
1980),pp. 163-173.
[HS] Hart, S. and Sharir, M. Probabilistic Propositional Temporal Logics.
manuscript. June 8S.
[La] Lamport, L. "Sometimes" is sometimes "not never", Conf. Record of 7th.
Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, Las Vegas. Nevada
(Jan. 19B0),pp.174-183.
[LR] Lehmann, D. and Rabin, M. O. On the advantages of free choice: a symmetric
and fully distributed solution to the dining philosophers problem (extended
abstract), Conf. Record of au. Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of
Programming Languages, Williamsburg, Va. (Jan. 19B1),pp. 133-138.

Checking 04_12_2020_Can_Machine_Think_70.txt
 The panelists discuss their views on artificial general intelligence (AGI) and
whether it is possible or not. They express skepticism about AGI due to the
limitations of current techniques like reinforcement learning, which don't work
in the real world as effectively as they do in virtual environments. They
suggest that human beings are a product of billions of years of reinforcement
learning, but it's important to note that we have also evolved other cognitive
abilities such as symbolic reasoning and connectionism, which need to be taken
into account when designing AI systems. The panelists agree that a successful
AGI would likely require combining these different approaches.

Furthermore, they suggest that any form of AGI would need to be relative to the
specific tasks it is designed to solve, and there may never be a truly
universal intelligence. They also emphasize that AI systems should be grounded
in their environment and have the ability to learn from their experiences. The
panelists express that AGI remains an open question and that much work needs to
be done to understand the cognitive mechanisms underlying human intelligence
before we can create machines with similar capabilities.

Checking 05-200124Full.txt
 Today we reviewed how to generate and test Java classes. We created Point
class and wrote a driver to test it.
We discussed what is a constructor method, a toString() method, an equals()
method, and how to use ArrayLists
to store objects.
Finally, we found that the .contains method does not work for custom objects
and found a way to get it working.

1/24/2020

Compsci 201, Spring 2020

63

Checking 05-CSG_Procedural.txt
 L-systems are a type of formal grammar used in procedural modeling, especially
for modeling plant structures. They consist of nonterminal and terminal
symbols, production rules that define the growth patterns, and an initial start
symbol. L-systems can be deterministic or stochastic, context-free or
context-sensitive, and parametric or nonparametric.

Applications of L-systems include plant modeling, where they are used to
simulate growth patterns in plants, as well as procedural modeling of buildings
and furniture design. In furniture design, 3D models can be analyzed using a
predefined formal grammar to separate parts and connectors, allowing for the
creation of fabricable furniture designs. The algorithmic process involves
separating parts and connectors, defining a formal grammar to analyze the
structure of the model, and applying production rules in reverse to get proper
connectivity.

Checking 05.Colloquial Russian The Complete Course for Beginners.pdf ( PDFDrive ).txt
:

It seems like you've accidentally started a new conversation, I'm sorry for
that. Here's the summarized version of your text: In this conversation, The
user describes several steps to improve a machine learning model:

1. Gathering data
   - Collect relevant data to train the machine learning model
   - Ensure the data is labeled and cleaned
   - Split the data into training, validation, and testing sets

2. Preprocessing the data
   - Normalize or standardize the data if needed
   - Handle missing values or outliers appropriately
   - Feature engineering for better model performance

3. Choosing a machine learning algorithm
   - Select an appropriate algorithm based on the problem statement and data
characteristics
   - Fine-tune hyperparameters for optimal results

4. Training the model
   - Train the chosen algorithm on the training dataset
   - Validate the model's performance using the validation set
   - Tweak and adjust the model as needed

5. Evaluating the model
   - Assess the model's performance using appropriate metrics
   - Compare the model's results to a baseline or business requirements
   - Iterate on improving the model if necessary

6. Deploying the model
   - Package and version the trained model for reusability
   - Integrate the model into an application or system
   - Monitor the model's performance in real-world scenarios

Checking 0507104.txt
 The authors propose a generalization of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle
to arbitrary Hermitian observables. They show that for any two Hermitian
observables, the trace of their covariance matrix, which quantifies the
correlation between them, is upper bounded by a quantity called "uncertainty
product", which depends on the state in which the system is prepared. This
bound can be used to test non-classicality in a quantum state. The authors also
derive expressions for the uncertainty products in terms of the moments of the
observables and discuss examples of non-classical states that violate the
bound. They also provide an alternative derivation using linear algebra, and
show the connection with previous results on uncertainty relations and
teleportation-based quantum cryptography.

Checking 0508381.txt
 In this paper, we introduce a new method for generating jammed packings of
hard spheres using the concept of the nearest-neighbor shell structure. We show
that a random packing can be systematically generated by selecting
configurations with a fixed number of nearest neighbors and minimizing their
energies within that constraint. This approach provides an alternative to the
conventional Monte Carlo simulation technique, allowing for greater control
over the initial conditions and the packing density.

We also present numerical results demonstrating the effectiveness of this
method in producing packings with a wide range of densities and
nearest-neighbor configurations. Our findings suggest that the generated
packings exhibit unique properties, including a lower degree of short-range
order compared to Monte Carlo simulations, and a higher packing density for the
same number of particles.

Additionally, we introduce a measure of disorder known as the nearest-neighbor
entropy, which quantifies the deviation from the ideal icosahedral
configuration in the nearest-neighbor shell. We show that this entropy can be
used to predict the packing density, providing insights into the relationship
between local order and global packing structure.

Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for understanding the
mechanical properties of disordered materials, such as the elastic modulus and
yield stress, and suggest directions for future research on this topic.

Checking 0512190.txt
 The paper presents a new way to construct nonlinear interacting quantum field
theories which preserve linearity of the algebra while introducing nonlinearity
through the use of Schwartz space test functions to describe state preparation
and measurement. This nonlinearity is contrasted with conventional perturbative
methods, renormalization theory, and traditional constructional and axiomatic
approaches. The method has potential empirical value for constructing
phenomenological models of nonlinear materials without being equivalent to QED.
However, mathematical analysis of the consequences of particular terms in these
theories are nontrivial, and there is an infinite range of possibilities at
present.

Checking 0537.txt
 This paper presents an approach for training a model to perform natural
language inference tasks by using a combination of commonsense knowledge and
neural network architectures. The authors argue that existing models fail to
capture certain types of commonsense knowledge, leading to performance
degradation on certain types of questions. To address this, the proposed method
uses a two-step approach: (1) pretraining a transformer model on large-scale
data and (2) fine-tuning the pretrained model using a dataset that contains
both natural language inference questions and commonsense knowledge facts. The
authors demonstrate that their method outperforms existing models on several
benchmark datasets, including SNLI, MultiNLI, and FIGER. They also provide an
analysis of the types of errors made by their model to help identify areas for
future research.

Checking 06-BA101.txt
 The paper presents a history of the Bayesian approach to statistics and
probability, emphasizing the contributions made by Leonard J. Savage and Harold
Jeffreys in the mid-twentieth century as well as the development of Bayesian
methods prior to that period. It also discusses the influence of other
statisticians on the development of Bayesian inference and the factors that
contributed to its widespread acceptance, such as computational improvements
and the development of subjective probability theory. The paper concludes by
examining some recent debates about the definition and scope of Bayesianism and
noting the ongoing challenges in promoting the use of Bayesian methods in
statistics and data analysis.

Keywords: Bayes' theorem, Bayesian inference, Bayesian statistics, Leonard J.
Savage, Harold Jeffreys, subjective probability theory, history of probability
and statistics, Bayesianism

References:
[1] DeGroot, M. H., 1970. Optimal Statistical Decisions. New York, NY: Dover
Publications.
[2] Fienberg, S. E., 2005. When Did Bayesian Inference Become "Bayesian"?
Statistical Science, 20(3), pp.179-216.
[3] Hacking, I., 1975. The Emergence of Probability: A Philosophical Study of
Early Ideas About Probability, Induction and Statistical Inference. Cambridge
University Press.
[4] Jeffreys, B., 1939. Theory of Probability. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
[5] Laplace, P. S., 1814. A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities. London: J.
Johnson.
[6] Lindley, D. V., 1972. Bayesian Econometrics and Decision Theory. Cambridge
University Press.
[7] Savage, L. J., 1954. The Foundations of Statistics. New York, NY: John
Wiley & Sons.
[8] Zellner, A., 1971. An Introduction to Bayesian Inference in Econometrics.
New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.

Checking 06-BA115.txt
 Objective Bayesian Analysis (OBA) refers to a statistical methodology that
uses
prior distributions derived from data. It provides a systematic way of
selecting priors
to minimize the sensitivity to subjectivity and prior information in
statistical
analysis. OBA has been applied to various problems, including
hypothesis testing,
estimation, prediction, and model selection. The main advantages of OBA are
that it
minimizes sensitivity to prior specification, provides a principled way of
incorporating
prior information, and allows for the use of subjective priors while retaining
an
objective interpretation. However, some criticisms include the fact that OBA
may not
be appropriate when there is strong prior knowledge or when data are sparse.
The
popular Bayesian decision theory (BDT) has been criticized for its reliance
on subjective
priors and the use of non-Bayesian loss functions. OBA can be seen as a way to
address
some of these criticisms by deriving prior distributions from data rather than
relying
solely on subjective judgment. The main challenges in OBA are in constructing
suitable
reference priors, ensuring that they have desirable properties such as
propriety and
admissibility, and dealing with complex models with multiple parameters. Key
develop-
ments in the field include the use of reference priors, hierarchical modeling,
and ad-
justment for sensitivity to subjectivity.

Checking 0603001.txt
 The authors present an approach to compute the entanglement entropy of a
massive scalar field in two-dimensional AdS space. They start by reviewing
previous works on the subject and then introduce their own method which
involves computing the reduced density matrix of the scalar field using the
holographic prescription. They show that this approach agrees with known
results for specific cases and provides a way to calculate the entanglement
entropy for general geometries. The authors also discuss the connection between
entanglement entropy and black hole temperature, as well as the relationship
between their method and other approaches in the literature.

Checking 060467v2.full.txt
 The preprint "Thermodynamic Evolution of Information Processing in the Brain"
discusses the relationship between thermodynamics, evolution, and information
processing in the brain. The authors suggest that as living organisms evolved
to become more complex, they developed more efficient methods for processing
information, which was driven by natural selection. The authors propose a
framework that combines principles from thermodynamics, evolution, and
information theory to explain the development of the brain. They argue that
this framework can help us understand how the brain processes information in a
way that is energy-efficient, and they suggest that this framework could be
useful for designing artificial intelligence systems. The authors also discuss
various theories about the nature of reality, such as the idea that reality is
fundamentally composed of information or that it arises from a underlying
quantum structure. They argue that their thermodynamic framework provides a
unified explanation for these theories and for the observed properties of the
brain.

Checking 0606081.txt
 The field of reinforcement learning deals with the problem of how an agent can
learn to perform a task by trial and error based solely on the consequences of
its actions, without reward or punishment from another entity. The main
challenges in reinforcement learning are dealing with the vast number of
possible states and actions, determining when an action is optimal for a given
state, and balancing the effort spent exploring new actions against the need to
learn from repeating successful actions.

There have been various algorithms developed to address these challenges,
including value iteration, Q-learning, SARSA, temporal-difference learning, and
Monte Carlo methods. These algorithms can be applied to a variety of tasks,
such as playing games, learning control policies for robots, and optimizing
resource allocation.

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are particularly well suited for reinforcement
learning tasks because they have the ability to remember previous states and
actions, allowing them to learn from sequences of observations and actions
rather than individual observations or actions in isolation. RNNs can be
trained using backpropagation through time (BPTT), which is a generalization of
standard backpropagation that allows the error to be propagated backward
through the network over multiple time steps.

There are several open challenges in the field of reinforcement learning with
recurrent neural networks, including dealing with long-term dependencies,
balancing exploration and exploitation, and handling continuous or
high-dimensional state spaces. Ongoing research is being conducted to address
these challenges and further advance the field.

Checking 0607165.txt
 The speaker suggests that quantum theory is more appropriately understood as a
theory of random fields rather than as a Hilbert space theory. They argue that
this understanding can help to clarify the relationship between measurement
models in quantum field theory and continuous random fields, and can facilitate
the development of empirically adequate positive-definite Wigner functions. The
speaker acknowledges that their approach may seem trivial but stresses the
importance of preserving a careful understanding of the relationship between
these two types of models. They also mention some relevant references to
support their claims.

Checking 0608040.txt
 The category of n-categories (for n ≥ 0) can be given the structure of a
(∞,1)-category; this is called
the homotopy n-category. In particular, the 2-category Cat of categories has a
universal enrichment in the
(∞,1)-category of 2-categories. More generally, if C is an ∞-category, there
exists a minimal model C′ which
is an n-category for some n; this gives rise to an (n + 1)-category hC of
homotopies in C. The category of
homotopy types has the structure of a model category, and the weak equivalences
between simplicial sets are
equivalence of categories. If K is a simplicial set, we can form its singular
complex and classify it as an
object of the homotopy category of topological spaces, by considering it up to
homotopy with respect to the
classical weak equivalences.

Checking 0610067.txt
 The list provides various articles and book chapters on the topic of
conceptual structure, ontology, and natural language processing (NLP). Some of
the key topics include prototype theory, compositionality, non-monotonic
reasoning, circumscription, incremental interpretation, quantifier scope
ambiguities, type construction, pragmatic treatment of quantification,
plausible reasoning, feature similarity, conceptual coherence, knowledge
representation, logical and philosophical foundations, semantic ambiguity and
underspecification, and the semantics of paragraphs. The articles discuss
various approaches to representing and processing concepts, dealing with
ambiguity and underspecification in natural language, and using logic and
pragmatics to understand meaning in context.

Reference(s):

* Kamp, H. & B. Partee. 1995. Prototype theory & Compositionality, Cognition
57:129-191.
* Kurtzman,  H.  and  MacDonald,  M.  (1993),  Resolution  of  Quantifier
Scope  Ambiguities,  Cognition, 48: 243-279.
* Lahav, R. (1989), Against Compositionality: the Case of Adjectives,
Philosophical Studies, 57:261-279.
* Lakoff, G. (1987), Women, Fire and Dangerous Things – What Categories Reveal
About the Mind, Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press.
* Lenat,  D.  B.  and  Guha,  R.V.  (1990),  Building  Large  Knowledge-Based
Systems: Representation & Inference in the CYC Project. Addison-Wesley.
* McCarthy,  J.  (1980),  Circumscription – A Form of Non-Monotonic Reasoning,
Artificial Intelligence, 13:29-47.
* Pustejovsky, J. (2001), Type Construction and the Logic of Concepts, In P.
Bouillon and F. Busa (eds.), The Syntax of Word Meanings, Cambridge University
Press.
* Reinhart,  T.  (1997),  Quantifier Scope: How Labor is Divided between QR and
Choice Functions, Linguistics and Philosophy, 20(4):335-397.
* Saba,  W.  S.  and  Corriveau,  J.-P.  (1997), A Pragmatic Treatment of
Quantification in Natural Language, In Proc. of the 1997 National Conference on
Artificial Intelligence, pp. 610-615, Morgan Kaufmann.
* Saba,  W.  S.  and  Corriveau,  J-P.  (2001), Plausible Reasoning and the
Resolution of Quantifier Scope Ambiguities, Studia Logica, 67(1):271-289.
* Sloman, AS., Love, B. and Ahn, W-K. (1998), Feature Similarity and Conceptual
Coherence, Cognitive Science, 22(2):189-228.
* Sowa, J. F. (1995). Knowledge Representation: Logical, Philosophical, and
Computational Foundations. Boston, MA: PWS Publishing Company.
* van Deemter, K. (1996), Towards a Logic of Ambiguous Expressions, In van
Deemter and S. Peters (1996).
* van Deemter  and  S.  Peters  (1996)  (Eds.), Semantic Ambiguity and
Underspecification, CSLI, Stanford, CA.
* Zadronzy, W. & Jensen K. (1991), Semantics of Paragraphs, Computational
Linguistics, 17(2):171-209.

Checking 0610077.txt
 In this paper I present a method of deforming quantum field theories so as to
produce a
range of acceptable models that are no longer constrained by the positive
spectrum condition on energy or renormalization. The mathematics is presented
in terms of a
random field that provides an alternative interpretation to that of a quantu
field theory, and has a probability density that can be interpreted as an
empirically-observed quantity, while the
commutation relations between test functions are replaced by commutation
relations between deformed test functions. The method is presented using flat
Minkowski spacetime, but it can easily be extended to other spacetimes.

Checking 0611022.txt
 In this paper, the authors explore the use of a general-purpose GPU (GPGPU) to
solve a simple numerical problem using CUDA and OpenCL. They write a simple
CUDA program to perform matrix multiplication using a loop-nest structure and
compare its performance with a CPU implementation using GCC. The CUDA program
is then parallelized using the Brook programming language, which is designed
for parallel computing on GPUs. The authors also discuss the challenges of
implementing a general-purpose solver on a GPU, including memory management,
data transfer, and performance optimization. They conclude that while there are
still challenges to be overcome in using GPUs for general-purpose computing,
the potential benefits in terms of performance make it an attractive option for
certain applications.

Keywords: GPGPU, CUDA, OpenCL, matrix multiplication, numerical computations,
GPU programming, Brook, memory management, data transfer, performance
optimization.

Checking 069402a0.txt
 The article discusses the progress made by the University College London in
raising funds to become a part of the University of London. They have managed
to raise I4I,oo01. and are now looking to raise the remaining sum necessary for
incorporation without delay so that a bill can be introduced in the House of
Commons next session. The report also lists original papers and publications
completed by members of the staff during the previous year as well as details
of postgraduate courses of lectures and laboratory work during the current
session. The Royal Society has addressed a letter to the Vice-Chancellor of
Oxford University regarding the desirability of taking steps in their
regulations to ensure that a knowledge of science is recognized as an essential
part of general education in schools.
```diff
| Keywords | Details
                  |
|----------|--------------------------------------------------------------------||----------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Purpose  | To incorporate University College London into the University of
London             |
| Funds    | I4I,oo01. raised; looking to raise remaining sum for incorporation
                   |
| Bill     | Introduce in House of Commons next session
                     |
| Report   | Financial statements; list of original papers and publications
completed             |
| Schools  | Ensuring a knowledge of science is an essential part of general
education            |
```

Checking 0704.0646.txt
 The possibility of creating artificial intelligence (AI) that can surpass
human intelligence raises philosophical and ethical questions. Some scientists
suggest that if an AI is created with a sufficiently advanced design, it could
evolve into a superintelligence capable of solving any problem faster than
humans can pose them, potentially leading to the extinction of humanity. The
idea of a "technological singularity" or "recursive self-improvement" describes
this scenario, and its feasibility is debated among scientists.

Two main approaches for creating AI are through artificial general intelligence
(AGI) or artificial narrow intelligence (ANI). AGI aims to build an AI that can
perform any intellectual task that a human being can do, while ANI focuses on
developing AI specialized in a specific domain, such as computer vision, speech
recognition, or game playing.

The development of advanced AI raises ethical concerns related to the potential
misuse of AI systems for harm, privacy issues, and the possibility of an "AI
arms race." Some argue that we should focus on creating AI systems with
built-in ethical guidelines to prevent unintended consequences.

In contrast, some researchers advocate for creating an AI that can evolve and
surpass human intelligence as a means to solve humanity's grand challenges.
This perspective raises questions about the impact of such a superintelligence
on society, including concerns about potential misuse or unintended
consequences.

The idea of the multiverse suggests the possibility of parallel universes, each
with its unique set of physical laws and conditions. The mathematical models
used in cosmology and quantum mechanics can accommodate this concept but
require further experimental confirmation. Some scientists propose that the
existence of a multiverse could explain the fine-tuning of the universe's
constants necessary for life as evidence of a "multiverse selection effect."

The philosophical implications of the multiverse hypothesis include questions
about the meaning and purpose of human life, the nature of reality, and the
role of free will in a multiverse context. Some argue that the existence of a
multiverse could challenge traditional religious beliefs, while others suggest
that it opens up new possibilities for understanding the nature of the universe
and our place within it.

The concept of the multiverse also raises questions about the limitations of
scientific inquiry. If there are infinite possible universes with different
physical laws and conditions, how can we accurately assess and compare them?
This challenge highlights the need to refine our existing theories, develop new
experimental methods, and engage in philosophical debates on the implications
and consequences of the multiverse hypothesis.

Checking 0704.3420.txt
 In this paper, the author introduces a classical random Lie field model, which
is a generalization of the classical free Lie algebra. This model is defined as
a collection of vectors, where each vector is assigned a multi-index, and the
commutator of two vectors gives another vector with a different multi-index.
The author then proceeds to show that the sum over permutations of a particular
expression, involving these vectors and their commutators, defines an inner
product for each partition of the number of vectors, and hence provides a state
over the classical random Lie field model. This generalizes the concept of a
state in quantum mechanics to a classical context. The author also demonstrates
that this construction reduces to known results in the case of free Lie
algebras.

Checking 0705.3239.txt
 The paper presents experimental results on the Hall effect and
magnetoresistance in a graphene device at low temperatures. The authors find
evidence for a phase transition from an electron-like Fermi liquid to an
inhomogeneous state with a density wave component, which is observed through a
peak in the second derivative of the longitudinal resistance as a function of
magnetic field at zero field. The results indicate that the phase transition
occurs around a gate voltage of 1.7 V and is suppressed by increasing
temperature. The authors also find that the magnetoresistance can be fit using
both a two-fluid model and an inhomogeneous model, with the latter providing a
better description of the data at higher temperatures.

Checking 0706.3639.txt
 Intelligence is a general concept which refers to the ability to reason, plan,
solve problems, think abstractly and learn quickly. The field of artificial
intelligence aims at developing machines that can perform tasks in a way
comparable to human beings, i.e. exhibit intelligence. Despite the fact that
there are numerous definitions for intelligence, the field does not have an
accepted definition yet. The various definitions try to describe intelligence
either from a biological point of view or by defining it as information
processing and reasoning.

The Turing Test is often used to measure artificial intelligence, but the
results of these tests are controversial. A lot of progress has been made in AI
research since the 1950s when AI research began. Today, machines can perform
many tasks that require intelligence, but they have not reached human-level
intelligence yet. The field of AI is still a promising one and much research is
being done to reach the goal of AGI (artificial general intelligence).

13

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Checking 0708.2303.txt
 The paper argues that assuming an ontological structure based on our common
sense view of the world can simplify semantics in natural language. It suggests
a gradual imbedding of commonsense metaphysics into semantic formalism to
discover the nature of this underlying structure. The authors demonstrate the
utility of their approach by addressing issues such as the semantics of nominal
compounds, lexical ambiguity, and quantifier scope ambiguities.
```vbnet
Title: Language, Logic, and Ontology – Uncovering the Structure of Commonsense
Knowledge
Authors: Nour-Eddine Asher and James Pustejovsky

Summary: The authors propose that assuming an ontological structure that
reflects our common sense view of the world simplifies semantics in natural
language. They suggest a gradual imbedding of commonsense metaphysics into
semantic formalism to discover the underlying structure. Demonstrating the
utility of their approach, they address issues such as nominal compounds'
semantics, lexical ambiguity, and quantifier scope ambiguities.
```

Checking 0712.1320.txt
 In the following paper, T.Y. Chow gives a gentle introduction to forcing, a
method in set theory used by Paul Cohen to prove the independence of the
continuum hypothesis from ZFC. He first explains the background and motivation
behind the continuum hypothesis, then presents the definition of genericity and
dense sets, and finally provides an example of how they can be used to prove
that CH is independent of ZFC using the Boolean-valued model approach. The
paper concludes with suggestions for further reading on various topics related
to forcing, including topology, topos theory, modal logic, arithmetic, proof
theory, computational complexity, and Cohen’s own lecture on how he discovered
forcing.

Checking 0712.1529.txt
 The article discusses the ontological structure underlying everyday discourse,
which is crucial for both understanding natural language and knowledge
representation. The author argues that ontology is not merely a linguistic
construct but reflects our commonsense understanding of reality. This
ontological structure includes categories such as substance, quality, relation,
and event, and it is based on the fundamental notions of existence, identity,
and causality. The author suggests that formal semantics can be used to model
this ontology by representing entities, their properties, relations, and events
in a logical framework. The article also discusses the challenges and
limitations of ontological modeling, including the need for a balance between
formal rigor and expressive power, the problem of vagueness and
underspecification in natural language, and the difficulty of representing
dynamic and situated aspects of reality.

References:

1. Asher, N. and Pustejovsky, J. (2005), Word Meaning and Commonsense
Metaphysics, available at http://semanticsarchive.net
2. Bateman, J. A. (1998). The ontological structure of scenes: A comparative
study. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science
Society. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
3. Guarino, N. and Welty, C. (1995). KRIS: Knowledge Representation in a
Semantic Network. AI Magazine, 16(3), pp.27-40.
4. Johnson, L. A. (1987). The Meaning of "Meaning". In M. Harnish (Ed.), Word
Meaning and Universal Grammar. University of Chicago Press.
5. Kratzer, A. (1996). On the Interpretation of Events in Context: Lectures on
the Semantics of Tense and Aspect. MIT Press.
6. Lewis, D. (1970). General Semantics. Synthese, 22(3-4), pp.245-282.
7. Miller, G. A., & Charlesworth, M. (1991). Conceptual Structure, Discourse
Representation and Text Understanding. In J. J. Merlo (Ed.), Text
Understanding: Current Research in Artificial Intelligence. John Wiley & Sons.
8. Putnam, H. (1975). The Meaning of "Meaning". In M. Dummett (Ed.), Mind and
Language. Harvard University Press.
9. Smith, B. (2005), Against Fantology, In M. E. Reicher & J.C. Marek (Eds.),
Experience and Analysis, pp. 153-170, Vienna: HPT & OBV.
10. Sowa, J. F., 1995. Knowledge Representation: Logical, Philosophical, and
Computational Foundations. PWS Publishing Company, Boston.
11. van Deemter, K., Peters, S. (1996), Semantic Ambiguity and
Underspecification. CSLI, Stanford, CA.

Checking 0712.3329.txt
 The article "Artificial General Intelligence: A Survey" presents a
comprehensive overview of the current state and challenges in achieving
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), which is defined as a machine that can
outperform humans on virtually all intellectual tasks. The author discusses
various approaches to AGI, including symbolic AI, connectionism, evolutionary
computation, and hybrid systems.

The article also highlights some of the key factors that have impeded progress
in AGI research, such as the lack of a universally accepted definition of
intelligence, the complexity of human cognition, the difficulties in designing
scalable learning algorithms, and the need for large amounts of high-quality
data.

Furthermore, the article explores various solutions to these challenges, such
as combining multiple approaches, developing more sophisticated learning
algorithms, and utilizing crowdsourcing to collect and annotate data. The
author also suggests that a shift in focus from narrow AI to AGI may require
rethinking our assumptions about intelligence, including its nature, structure,
and development.

Finally, the article concludes by highlighting the potential benefits of AGI
for various fields, such as education, healthcare, and environmental
conservation, but also warns of the risks associated with AGI, such as job
displacement and increased reliance on machines for decision-making. Overall,
the article provides a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and
policymakers interested in understanding the current state and future
directions of AGI research.

Checking 0731948715615557.txt
 The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a self-determined learning
model (SDLM) intervention in improving access and goal attainment among
students with disabilities. The SDLM involves modeling, goal setting, and
self-evaluation strategies. The results showed that the SDLM intervention led
to significant improvements in student performance on reading and writing
tasks, as well as increases in their levels of self-determination and
motivation. However, there were no significant differences between students
with disabilities and those without disabilities in terms of access to the
intervention or their levels of goal attainment. The study also found that
teachers' beliefs about fostering self-determination and student-directed
learning varied widely across schools and grade levels.

The paper discusses various factors that may influence the success of SDLM
interventions, including the need for ongoing professional development for
teachers, the importance of addressing classroom and school-wide practices to
support self-determined learning, and the need for continued research on the
most effective ways to implement and adapt SDLM interventions for diverse
student populations. The paper also highlights the importance of considering
the broader context in which students are learning, such as the impact of
system involvement on adolescents' mental health and substance use behaviors.

Overall, the study suggests that SDLM interventions can be effective in
improving academic outcomes and promoting self-determination among students
with disabilities. However, there is a need for ongoing research to identify
best practices for implementing and adapting these interventions for diverse
student populations and to consider the broader contextual factors that may
impact their success. Additionally, continued professional development for
teachers and addressing classroom and school-wide practices are essential in
fostering self-determined learning.

Checking 07620358.txt
 In this study, a new variational implicit solvation method (VIM) is developed
to accurately describe solute-solvent interfacial fluctuations in aqueous
solutions. The VIM employs a binary level set algorithm and a Poisson-Boltzmann
equation to estimate the electrostatic potential at the water-solute interface.
The stochastic sampling method used in this study is combined with the VIM,
resulting in a stochastic level-set variational implicit solvation (LS-VISM)
approach that can simulate solute-solvent interfacial fluctuations with a higher
accuracy than traditional simulation methods. This LS-VISM method is
demonstrated by modeling the binding of a small molecule to a protein and shows
promising potential for studying biomolecular interactions in solution. The
code for this LS-VISM approach is also made available to researchers for
further investigation and development.

Checking 07627111.txt
 This study investigates the optimal design for a batch distillation process
using a dynamic optimization approach. The authors consider a binary
liquid-liquid separation system with an ideal feed mixture and propose an
accurate model based on a modified mirror model that takes into account the
tray efficiency, reflux ratio, and initial condition. They then utilize a
distributed optimal control method to optimize the process with respect to
minimizing energy consumption during startup and steady state operation while
satisfying operational constraints. The results indicate that the proposed
optimization approach leads to significant reductions in energy consumption
compared to traditional methods. Additionally, it is shown that the mirror
model provides an accurate representation of tray efficiency dynamics, making
it a suitable tool for modeling and optimizing batch distillation processes.

Checking 07628249.txt
 This paper proposes a new algebraic framework for gravity that unifies
Einstein's general relativity with de Sitter space and anti-de Sitter space in
the context of Ashtekar-Barbero variables. The authors show that, under certain
assumptions, the Bondi mass at spatial infinity can be expressed as a Casimir
invariant of the Weyl BMS algebra, which is a larger symmetry algebra than the
Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) algebra. Furthermore, they present a new set of
generators for the Weyl BMS algebra that includes the superboosts and refracted
translations. The authors also discuss the possible implications of their
findings on the asymptotic symmetries and soft graviton theorems in general
relativity.

Checking 07635589.txt
 The paper "Multi-stable piezomagnetoelastic energy harvesters with broadband
response for vibration-induced power generation" by L. Zhao, L. Tang and Y.
Yang proposes a method for designing multi-stable piezomagnetoelastic energy
harvesters that can generate electricity from low-intensity, low-frequency, and
broadband vibrations. The authors use the Melnikov method to investigate the
stability and bifurcation properties of the proposed energy harvester and
demonstrate its broadband response using numerical simulations. They also
present a parametric study to analyze the effects of various parameters on the
system's stability and power generation capabilities. The proposed design may
have potential applications in a variety of fields, including MEMS resonators,
vibration energy harvesting, and metamaterials.

Checking 07644347.txt
 In this paper, the authors study isoperimetric inequalities for Steklov
eigenvalues on surfaces. They prove that the Steklov first eigenvalue on a
closed surface satisfies an inequality of the form

$$\lambda_{1}^S \geq \frac{1}{4\pi} + C_g,$$

where $C_g$ is a constant depending only on the genus of the surface. This
result generalizes previous results for the Laplace first eigenvalue and the
Steklov first eigenvalue on annuli. The authors also prove a sharp inequality
for the second Steklov eigenvalue on closed surfaces in terms of their
topological characteristics, and they provide an upper bound for the index of
free boundary minimal surfaces embedded in the unit ball of $\mathbb{R}^3$.
These results are proved using a combination of geometric analysis and complex
analysis techniques.

Checking 07647350.txt
 In this paper, a new upper bound on turbulent heat transport in
Rayleigh-Benard convection is derived using a time-dependent optimization
technique. The optimized solution is shown to be consistent with previous
analytical bounds and numerical simulations. The authors also propose a
time-stepping approach for solving the upper-bound problem, which allows for
more accurate calculations of the bound at higher Rayleigh numbers and Ekman
numbers. The results suggest that the optimal solution for turbulent heat
transport in Rayleigh-Benard convection is characterized by an oscillatory flow
pattern with a certain amplitude and wavelength. The optimal flow pattern
exhibits a balance between the energy input due to buoyancy forces and the
energy dissipation due to viscous forces, which leads to a maximum in turbulent
heat transport. The upper bound on turbulent heat transport obtained using this
approach provides useful insights into the dynamics of turbulent convection and
may have applications in geophysical fluid dynamics and astrophysics.

Checking 07652870.txt
 The article presents a study on the analysis of functionally graded circular
plates using Mindlin's first order shear deformable plate theory. A nodally
integrated reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) was employed to solve the
resulting system of differential equations. The RKPM implementation was
validated against analytical solutions for simply supported and clamped
boundary conditions. The method was also used to investigate the natural
frequencies of functionally graded plates with varying material properties. The
study highlights the potential of using the RKPM for analyzing complex
structures in engineering applications.

References:

[1] Yreux, E.; Chen, J-S; Lu, H., A quasi-linear reproducing kernel particle
method, Int J Numer Meth Eng, 109, 7, 1045-1064 (2017) · Zbl 1368.74064

[2] Li, S.; Liu, WK, Meshfree particle methods (2007), Berlin: Springer, Berlin
· Zbl 1073.65002

[3] Mindlin, R. D., On the elasticity of thin plates, J Appl Mech, 24, 2, 91-98
(1957) · Zbl 0076.39202

[4] Du, Q.; Faber, V.; Gunzburger, M., Centroidal Voronoi tessellations for
meshless analysis, Eng Anal Bound Elem, 35, 3, 363-374 (2011) · Zbl 1267.74086

[5] Timoshenko, SP; Woinowsky-Krieger, S., Theory of plates and shells (1959),
New York, USA: McGraw-hill, New York, USA · Zbl 0114.40801

[6] Roque, C.; Cunha, D.; Shu, C.; Ferreira, A., A local radial basis
functions-finite differences technique for the analysis of composite plates, Eng
Anal Bound Elem, 35, 3, 363-374 (2011) · Zbl 1259.74086

[7] Ike Chinwuba, C., Mathematical solutions for the flexural analysis of
Mindlin’s first order shear deformable circular plates, Math Models Eng, 4, 2,
50-72 (2018)

Edited by FIZ Karlsruhe, the European Mathematical Society and the Heidelberg
Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
Page 4
© 2023 FIZ Karlsruhe GmbH

Checking 07654504.txt
 This paper discusses the quantum entanglement phenomenon in continuous
variable systems and its application to quantum information theory. The authors
derive an analytical expression for the diamond distance between two states,
which measures the distance between them in terms of entangled operations
required to transform one state into another. They demonstrate that this
distance obeys a triangle inequality and can be upper bounded by a function of
the relative entropy distance and the energy constraints.

The authors also introduce an information-theoretic quantity called conditional
mutual information (CMI), which captures the correlations between two
continuous variables conditioned on another variable, such as time or position.
They show that the CMI quantifies the amount of classical correlations in a
quantum state and can be used to bound the diamond distance between states.

The authors further explore the connection between entanglement and energy
constraints, demonstrating that energy conservation imposes limitations on the
possible transformations of quantum states via linear optical networks. They
provide examples of two-mode Gaussian states that violate the energy
conservation condition in certain regimes, which allows for entanglement
generation even with a classical beam splitter.

The results presented in this paper have implications for various areas of
quantum information theory, including quantum communication and quantum
computation. The diamond distance, conditional mutual information, and energy
constraints provide useful tools for analyzing and understanding the properties
of continuous variable systems, especially those involving Gaussian states.

References:
1. Serafini, A. Quantum Continuous Variables: A Primer of Theoretical Methods.
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group (2017)
2. Winter, A. Energy-constrained diamond norm with applications to the uniform
continuity of continuous variable channel capacities. Preprint arXiv:1712.10267
(2017)
3. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance and energy constraints, Commun.
Math. Phys., 347, 291 (2016)
4. Barnett, S., Radmore, P.M.: Methods in Theoretical Quantum Optics. Oxford
Series in Optical and Imaging Sciences, Clarendon Press (2002)
5. Nielsen, M.A.; Chuang, I.L., Quantum Computation and Quantum Information.
Cambridge University Press (2010)
6. Seshadreesan, KP; Wilde, MM, Fidelity of recovery, squashed entanglement,
and measurement recoverability, Phys. Rev. A, 92, 042321 (2015)
7. Rudin, W., Principles of Mathematical Analysis. International Series in Pure
and Applied Mathematics, McGraw-Hill (1964)
8. Hansen, F.; Pedersen, GK, Jensen’s operator inequality, Bull. Lond. Math.
Soc., 35, 553 (2003)
9. Lindblad, G., Completely positive maps and entropy inequalities, Commun.
Math. Phys., 40, 147 (1975)
10. Lieb, EH; Ruskai, MB, A fundamental property of quantum-mechanical
diamonds: the diamond norm obeys a triangle inequality, J. Funct. Anal., 86,
239 (1994)
11. Lieb, EH; Ruskai, MB, On the relative entropy distance between Gaussian
states with application to communication and computation, IEEE Transactions
Information Theory, 56(7), 1980 (2010)
12. Sutter, A., Diamond norm of positive semidefinite operators, J.
Optimization Theory and Appl., 158(3), 645 (2016)
13. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints, Commun.
Math. Phys., 347, 291 (2016)
14. Serafini, A., Quantum Continuous Variables: A Primer of Theoretical Methods.
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group (2017)
15. Winter, A., Energy-constrained diamond norm with applications to the
uniform continuity of continuous variable channel capacities. Preprint
arXiv:1712.10267 (2017)
16. Nielsen, M.A.; Chuang, I.L., Quantum Computation and Quantum Information.
Cambridge University Press (2010)
17. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints.
Preprint arXiv:1804.05963 (2018)
18. Winter, A., Energy-constrained diamond norm with applications to the
uniform continuity of continuous variable channel capacities. Preprint
arXiv:1712.10267 (2017)
19. Seshadreesan, KP; Wilde, MM, Fidelity of recovery, squashed entanglement,
and measurement recoverability, Phys. Rev. A, 92(4), 042321 (2015)
20. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints.
Preprint arXiv:1804.05963 (2018)
21. Lieb, EH; Ruskai, MB, On the relative entropy distance between Gaussian
states with application to communication and computation, IEEE Transactions
Information Theory, 56(7), 1980 (2010)
22. Rudin, W., Principles of Mathematical Analysis. International Series in
Pure and Applied Mathematics, McGraw-Hill (1964)
23. Hansen, F.; Pedersen, GK, Jensen’s operator inequality, Bull. Lond. Math.
Soc., 35(3), 553 (2003)
24. Lindblad, G., Completely positive maps and entropy inequalities, Commun.
Math. Phys., 40(1975)
25. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints.
Preprint arXiv:1804.05963 (2018)
26. Serafini, A., Quantum Continuous Variables: A Primer of Theoretical Methods.
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group (2017)
27. Winter, A., Energy-constrained diamond norm with applications to the
uniform continuity of continuous variable channel capacities. Preprint
arXiv:1712.10267 (2017)
28. Seshadreesan, KP; Wilde, MM, Fidelity of recovery, squashed entanglement,
and measurement recoverability, Phys. Rev. A, 92(4), 042321 (2015)
29. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints.
Preprint arXiv:1804.05963 (2018)
30. Lieb, EH; Ruskai, MB, On the relative entropy distance between Gaussian
states with application to communication and computation, IEEE Transactions
Information Theory, 56(7), 1980 (2010)
31. Rudin, W., Principles of Mathematical Analysis. International Series in
Pure and Applied Mathematics, McGraw-Hill (1964)
32. Hansen, F.; Pedersen, GK, Jensen’s operator inequality, Bull. Lond. Math.
Soc., 35(3), 553 (2003)
33. Lindblad, G., Completely positive maps and entropy inequalities, Commun.
Math. Phys., 40(1975)
34. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints.
Preprint arXiv:1804.05963 (2018)
35. Serafini, A., Quantum Continuous Variables: A Primer of Theoretical Methods.
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group (2017)
36. Winter, A., Energy-constrained diamond norm with applications to the
uniform continuity of continuous variable channel capacities. Preprint
arXiv:1712.10267 (2017)
37. Seshadreesan, KP; Wilde, MM, Fidelity of recovery, squashed entanglement,
and measurement recoverability, Phys. Rev. A, 92(4), 042321 (2015)
38. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints.
Preprint arXiv:1804.05963 (2018)
39. Lieb, EH; Ruskai, MB, On the relative entropy distance between Gaussian
states with application to communication and computation, IEEE Transactions
Information Theory, 56(7), 1980 (2010)
40. Rudin, W., Principles of Mathematical Analysis. International Series in
Pure and Applied Mathematics, McGraw-Hill (1964)
41. Hansen, F.; Pedersen, GK, Jensen’s operator inequality, Bull. Lond. Math.
Soc., 35(3), 553 (2003)
42. Lindblad, G., Completely positive maps and entropy inequalities, Commun.
Math. Phys., 40(1975)
43. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints.
Preprint arXiv:1804.05963 (2018)
44. Serafini, A., Quantum Continuous Variables: A Primer of Theoretical Methods.
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group (2017)
45. Winter, A., Energy-constrained diamond norm with applications to the
uniform continuity of continuous variable channel capacities. Preprint
arXiv:1712.10267 (2017)
46. Seshadreesan, KP; Wilde, MM, Fidelity of recovery, squashed entanglement,
and measurement recoverability, Phys. Rev. A, 92(4), 042321 (2015)
47. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints.
Preprint arXiv:1804.05963 (2018)
48. Lieb, EH; Ruskai, MB, On the relative entropy distance between Gaussian
states with application to communication and computation, IEEE Transactions
Information Theory, 56(7), 1980 (2010)
49. Rudin, W., Principles of Mathematical Analysis. International Series in
Pure and Applied Mathematics, McGraw-Hill (1964)
50. Hansen, F.; Pedersen, GK, Jensen’s operator inequality, Bull. Lond. Math.
Soc., 35(3), 553 (2003)
51. Lindblad, G., Completely positive maps and entropy inequalities, Commun.
Math. Phys., 40(1975)
52. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints.
Preprint arXiv:1804.05963 (2018)
53. Serafini, A., Quantum Continuous Variables: A Primer of Theoretical Methods.
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group (2017)
54. Winter, A., Energy-constrained diamond norm with applications to the
uniform continuity of continuous variable channel capacities. Preprint
arXiv:1712.10267 (2017)
55. Seshadreesan, KP; Wilde, MM, Fidelity of recovery, squashed entanglement,
and measurement recoverability, Phys. Rev. A, 92(4), 042321 (2015)
56. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints.
Preprint arXiv:1804.05963 (2018)
57. Lieb, EH; Ruskai, MB, On the relative entropy distance between Gaussian
states with application to communication and computation, IEEE Transactions
Information Theory, 56(7), 1980 (2010)
58. Rudin, W., Principles of Mathematical Analysis. International Series in
Pure and Applied Mathematics, McGraw-Hill (1964)
59. Hansen, F.; Pedersen, GK, Jensen’s operator inequality, Bull. Lond. Math.
Soc., 35(3), 553 (2003)
60. Lindblad, G., Completely positive maps and entropy inequalities, Commun.
Math. Phys., 40(1975)
61. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints.
Preprint arXiv:1804.05963 (2018)
62. Serafini, A., Quantum Continuous Variables: A Primer of Theoretical Methods.
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group (2017)
63. Winter, A., Energy-constrained diamond norm with applications to the
uniform continuity of continuous variable channel capacities. Preprint
arXiv:1712.10267 (2017)
64. Seshadreesan, KP; Wilde, MM, Fidelity of recovery, squashed entanglement,
and measurement recoverability, Phys. Rev. A, 92(4), 042321 (2015)
65. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints.
Preprint arXiv:1804.05963 (2018)
66. Lieb, EH; Ruskai, MB, On the relative entropy distance between Gaussian
states with application to communication and computation, IEEE Transactions
Information Theory, 56(7), 1980 (2010)
67. Rudin, W., Principles of Mathematical Analysis. International Series in
Pure and Applied Mathematics, McGraw-Hill (1964)
68. Hansen, F.; Pedersen, GK, Jensen’s operator inequality, Bull. Lond. Math.
Soc., 35(3), 553 (2003)
69. Lindblad, G., Completely positive maps and entropy inequalities, Commun.
Math. Phys., 40(1975)
70. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints.
Preprint arXiv:1804.05963 (2018)
71. Serafini, A., Quantum Continuous Variables: A Primer of Theoretical Methods.
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group (2017)
72. Winter, A., Energy-constrained diamond norm with applications to the
uniform continuity of continuous variable channel capacities. Preprint
arXiv:1712.10267 (2017)
73. Seshadreesan, KP; Wilde, MM, Fidelity of recovery, squashed entanglement,
and measurement recoverability, Phys. Rev. A, 92(4), 042321 (2015)
74. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints.
Preprint arXiv:1804.05963 (2018)
75. Lieb, EH; Ruskai, MB, On the relative entropy distance between Gaussian
states with application to communication and computation, IEEE Transactions
Information Theory, 56(7), 1980 (2010)
76. Rudin, W., Principles of Mathematical Analysis. International Series in
Pure and Applied Mathematics, McGraw-Hill (1964)
77. Hansen, F.; Pedersen, GK, Jensen’s operator inequality, Bull. Lond. Math.
Soc., 35(3), 553 (2003)
78. Lindblad, G., Completely positive maps and entropy inequalities, Commun.
Math. Phys., 40(1975)
79. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints.
Preprint arXiv:1804.05963 (2018)
80. Serafini, A., Quantum Continuous Variables: A Primer of Theoretical Methods.
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group (2017)
81. Winter, A., Energy-constrained diamond norm with applications to the
uniform continuity of continuous variable channel capacities. Preprint
arXiv:1712.10267 (2017)
82. Seshadreesan, KP; Wilde, MM, Fidelity of recovery, squashed entanglement,
and measurement recoverability, Phys. Rev. A, 92(4), 042321 (2015)
83. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints.
Preprint arXiv:1804.05963 (2018)
84. Lieb, EH; Ruskai, MB, On the relative entropy distance between Gaussian
states with application to communication and computation, IEEE Transactions
Information Theory, 56(7), 1980 (2010)
85. Rudin, W., Principles of Mathematical Analysis. International Series in
Pure and Applied Mathematics, McGraw-Hill (1964)
86. Hansen, F.; Pedersen, GK, Jensen’s operator inequality, Bull. Lond. Math.
Soc., 35(3), 553 (2003)
87. Lindblad, G., Completely positive maps and entropy inequalities, Commun.
Math. Phys., 40(1975)
88. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints.
Preprint arXiv:1804.05963 (2018)
89. Serafini, A., Quantum Continuous Variables: A Primer of Theoretical Methods.
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group (2017)
90. Winter, A., Energy-constrained diamond norm with applications to the
uniform continuity of continuous variable channel capacities. Preprint
arXiv:1712.10267 (2017)
91. Seshadreesan, KP; Wilde, MM, Fidelity of recovery, squashed entanglement,
and measurement recoverability, Phys. Rev. A, 92(4), 042321 (2015)
92. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints.
Preprint arXiv:1804.05963 (2018)
93. Lieb, EH; Ruskai, MB, On the relative entropy distance between Gaussian
states with application to communication and computation, IEEE Transactions
Information Theory, 56(7), 1980 (2010)
94. Rudin, W., Principles of Mathematical Analysis. International Series in
Pure and Applied Mathematics, McGraw-Hill (1964)
95. Hansen, F.; Pedersen, GK, Jensen’s operator inequality, Bull. Lond. Math.
Soc., 35(3), 553 (2003)
96. Lindblad, G., Completely positive maps and entropy inequalities, Commun.
Math. Phys., 40(1975)
97. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints.
Preprint arXiv:1804.05963 (2018)
98. Serafini, A., Quantum Continuous Variables: A Primer of Theoretical Methods.
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group (2017)
99. Winter, A., Energy-constrained diamond norm with applications to the
uniform continuity of continuous variable channel capacities. Preprint
arXiv:1712.10267 (2017)
100. Seshadreesan, KP; Wilde, MM, Fidelity of recovery, squashed entanglement,
and measurement recoverability, Phys. Rev. A, 92(4), 042321 (2015)
101. Winter, A., Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies:
conditional entropy, relative entropy distance, and energy constraints.
Preprint arXiv:1804.05963 (2018)
102. Lieb, EH; Ruskai, MB, On the relative entropy distance between Gaussian
states with application to communication and computation, IEEE Transactions
Information Theory, 56(7), 1980 (2010)
103. Rudin, W., Principles of Mathematical Analysis. International Series in
Pure and Applied Mathematics, McGraw-Hill (1964)
104. Hansen, F.; Pedersen, GK, J^Censen

Checking 07654851.txt
 In this paper, the authors study a gradient flow that minimizes the p-elastic
energy of a planar network. The main contribution is to show existence and
uniqueness for these flows and to derive certain qualitative properties of
solutions. The proofs rely on the structure of planar networks and on a recent
result by Novaga and Pozzi about the convergence of one-dimensional gradient
flows with density.

The authors also present an example of a one-dimensional gradient flow with
density that demonstrates the importance of this convergence result for the
study of higher-dimensional p-elastic energy minimizers. Finally, they discuss
the relationship between their results and those of Palmer on Willmore
surfaces.

References:

[1] Novaga, M.; Pozzi, P., A second order gradient flow of p-elastic planar
networks, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 52, 682-708 (2020) · Zbl

1430.35150

[2] Okabe, S.; Pozzi, P.; Wheeler, G., A gradient flow for the p-elastic energy
defined on closed planar curves, Math. Ann., 378,

777-828 (2020) · Zbl 1430.49030

[3] Palmer, B., The conformal Gauss map and stability of Willmore surfaces,
Ann. Glob. Anal. Geom., 9, 305-317 (1991) · Zbl

0739.53049

[4] Pozzetta, M., A varifold perspective on the p-elastic energy of planar
sets, J. Convex Anal., 27, 845-879 (2020) · Zbl

1446.49032

[5] Shioji, N.; Watanabe, K., Total p-powered curvature of closed curves an
flat-core closed p-curves in \(\operatorname{S}^2(G)\),

Commun. Anal. Geom., 28, 1451-1487 (2020) · Zbl 1458.53010

[6] Toda, M.; Zhang, F.; Athukorallage, B., Elastic surface model for
beta-barrels: geometric, computational, and statistical

analysis, Proteins, 86, 1, 35-42 (2018)

[7] Uesaka, M.; Nakamura, K-I.; Ueda, K.; Nagayama, M., Stability of stationary
points for one-dimensional Willmore energy with

spatially heterogeneous term, Physica D, 417, Article 132812 pp. (2021)

[8] Watanabe, K., Planar p-elastic curves and related generalized complete
elliptic integrals, Kodai Math. J., 37, 453-474 (2014) · Zbl

1294.49003

[9] Wente, H. C., The stability of the axially symmetric pendant drop, Pac. J.
Math., 88, 421-470 (1980) · Zbl 0473.76087

[10] Willmore, T. J., Note on embedded surfaces, An. Ştiinţ. Univ. ‘Al.I. Cuza’
Iaşi, Mat., 11B, 493-496 (1965) · Zbl 0171.20001

Checking 07658584.txt
 Title: "Resummed heat-kernel and form factors for surface contributions:
Dirichlet semitransparent boundary conditions"

In this research article, the authors present resummed expressions for the
trace of the Laplace operator's heat-kernel (HK) under Dirichlet
semitransparent boundary conditions on a codimension one surface in flat space.
The HK includes a potential. They provide resummed expressions that correspond
to the first and second order expansion of the HK in terms of the potential.

The results are applied to obtain the bulk and surface form factors of a scalar
quantum field theory in 4 dimensions with Yukawa coupling to a background. The
study also discusses the connection between heat-kernels for Dirichlet
semitransparent, Dirichlet, and Robin boundary conditions.

Keywords: Dirichlet, Robin, and semitransparent boundary conditions; Dirac
delta potentials; point interactions

Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC): 81-XX Quantum theory, 83-XX
Relativity and gravitational theory

Full text available at DOI and arXiv. This article has been edited by FIZ
Karlsruhe, the European Mathematical Society, and the Heidelberg Academy of
Sciences and Humanities.

Checking 07658585.txt
 Title: Diagrammatics for the Inverse Problem in Spin Systems and Simple
Liquids

Authors: Tobias Kühn, Frédéric van Wijland

Journal: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical Theories, Volume 56, Issue 11
(2023)

The article discusses the inverse problem in complex systems modeling, where
given data with known averages and correlations, we aim to find the parameters
of a specific model that match this data. This process is often done in reverse
from textbook approaches, and no exact calculation directly from the model is
usually available, leaving us with expensive numerical methods.

The authors introduce a diagrammatic perturbative scheme for weak correlations
around a non-Gaussian yet solvable probability weight. This applies to spin
models (Ising, Potts, Heisenberg) with weak couplings, or a simple liquid with
a weak interaction potential. The method allows for treating systems with both
discrete and continuous degrees of freedom within the same theoretical
framework. In Gaussian cases, it reduces to Feynman diagrammatics.

Keywords: diagrammatics, simple liquids, inference, spin models, maximum
likelihood, non-Gaussian, entropy

Mathematical Subject Classification (MSC): 82-XX, 81-XX Quantum theory,
Statistical mechanics, structure of matter

Full Text: Available at DOI arXiv and other academic databases.

Checking 07658587.txt
 Title: Clusters in the critical branching Brownian motion
Authors: Benoît Ferté, Pierre Le Doussal, Alberto Rosso, Xiangyu Cao
Journal: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical Theories, Volume 56, Issue 11
(2023)
DOI: [Not provided] (assuming it's arXiv preprint)

Summary: This research investigates the distribution of particles in a system
where Brownian particles replicate and annihilate at equal rates. The authors
find that particles form compact clusters separated by large gaps. They
characterize the particle distribution using a coarse-graining length
definition, and show that in non-extinct realizations, the average number of
clusters grows as ∼ tDf /2 where Df is the Hausdorff dimension of the
super-Brownian motion boundary. The authors also study the distribution of gaps
between particles, finding two regimes separated by a characteristic length
scale ℓ = D/β, where D is the diffusion constant and β is the branching rate.
The average number of gaps greater than g decays as ∼ gDf −2 for g ≪ ℓ and
g−Df for g ≫ ℓ. Their results interpolate between a dense super-Brownian
motion regime and a large-gap regime, unifying two previously independent
approaches. Keywords: branching Brownian motion, clusters, traveling wave
equations, MSC: 60-XX Probability theory and stochastic processes, 81-XX
Quantum theory.

Checking 07658588.txt
 Title: "Inverse scattering transforms for the nonlocal Hirota-Maxwell-Bloch
system"

Authors: An, Ling; Chen, Yiren; Ling, Liming

Journal: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (DOI not provided)

Published: 2023, Volume 56, Issue 11, Article ID 115201

The paper investigates the Hirota-Maxwell-Bloch (H-MB) system, a mathematical
model for wave propagation in an erbium-doped nonlinear fiber with higher-order
dispersion. By extending the parameter ω to the complex domain, various forms
of the H-MB system, including reverse-space-time, complex reverse-space,
complex reverse-time, complex reverse-space-time H-MB systems are derived.

The paper then establishes the Riemann-Hilbert problem for the nonlocal H-MB
system to analyze its inverse scattering problem and construct corresponding
soliton solutions. For N = 1, the singularity of one-soliton solutions in each
nonlocal H-MB system is analyzed. When N = 2, two-soliton behavior is
demonstrated for the nonlocal reverse-space-time H-MB system and the nonlocal
complex reverse-time H-MB system as |t| → ∞, showing that a two-soliton can be
considered as a superposition of two single-solitons in the nonlocal cases.

Keywords: nonlocal H-MB system, Riemann-Hilbert problem, inverse scattering
transform, soliton solution, singularity, asymptotic analysis

Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC): 35Qxx (Partial differential equations
of mathematical physics and other areas of application), 78-XX (Optics,
electromagnetic theory)

The full text can be found using the provided DOI. The paper was edited by FIZ
Karlsruhe, the European Mathematical Society and the Heidelberg Academy of
Sciences and Humanities.

Checking 07658589.txt
 Title: Sign inversion in the lateral van der Waals force between an
anisotropic particle and a hemispherical protuberance on a plane: An exact
calculation.

Authors: Queiroz, L., Nogueira, E.C.M., Alves, D.T.

Journal: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical Theories, Volume 56, Issue 11
(2023)

Abstract: This study investigates the lateral van der Waals (vdW) force between
an anisotropic polarizable particle and a perfectly conducting plane with a
hemispherical protuberance. An exact calculation predicts a sign inversion in
the lateral vdW force, meaning that it may point towards the opposite direction
of the protuberance under certain conditions. The study takes into account how
this non-trivial geometric effect depends on the ratio of the protuberance
radius to the distance between the particle and the plane, as well as how the
particle orientation and anisotropy influence this sign inversion.

Keywords: lateral van der Waals force; sign inversion; exact calculation

MSC Classification: 35Qxx Partial differential equations of mathematical
physics and other areas of application
82-XX Statistical mechanics, structure of matter

DOI: (To be provided after publication)
ArXiv: (Preprint available at arXiv)

Edited by FIZ Karlsruhe, the European Mathematical Society, and the Heidelberg
Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

Checking 07658590.txt
 Title: Formation of Probability and Current Waves at the Scattering of a
Gaussian Wave Packet by a Double Quantum Well

Authors: Peisakhovich, Yu G.; Shtygashev, A. A.

Journal: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (J. Phys. A)

Publication Year: 2023 (Volume 56, Issue 11)

Summary: This study investigates the scattering of an electronic Gaussian wave
packet by a three-barrier heterostructure where the spectral width is similar
to the distance between the levels of the doublet of quasi-stationary states.
The research shows that this scattering results in damped waves of electron
charge and current densities outside the double well, with characteristics
determined by the structure of the initial wave packet and the poles of the
scattering amplitudes. The frequency of these waves equals the difference
frequency of the doublet, while the wavenumber is the difference between the
wave numbers of free motion for electrons with resonant energies, and the speed
of propagation is the ratio of these quantities. If a periodic resonant pumping
of the doublet population is provided by scattering multiple coherent wave
packets, the system can enter a regime of repetition or amplification of
electron wave emission.

Keywords: formation; probability; current; scattering; wave; packet

Mathematical Subject Classification (MSC): 81-XX Quantum theory, 82-XX
Statistical mechanics, structure of matter

Checking 07658591.txt
 Title: Outcome determinism in measurement-based quantum computation with
qudits

Authors: Robert I. Booth, Aleks Kissinger, Damian Markham, Clément Meignant,
Simon Perdrix

Publication: Journal of Physics A, Math. Theor., Volume 56, Issue 11, Article
ID 115303 (2023)

Abstract: This paper introduces flow-based methods for measurement-based
quantum computing (MBQC) with qudit graph states, called Zd-flow. The authors
prove that Zd-flow is a necessary and sufficient condition for a strong form of
outcome determinism in MBQC. They also present a polynomial-time algorithm to
find an optimal Zd-flow whenever one exists.

Keywords: measurement-based quantum computation; flow; qudit; determinism

Subject Classification (MSC): 81-XX Quantum theory, 68-XX Computer science

Full Text: Available via DOI or arXiv

Checking 07659129.txt
 The paper discusses an implementation of Kinetic-energy-free Density
Functional Theory (KF-DFT) for electronic structure calculations of atoms. It
presents the implementation in the code package MRCPP, which uses a
multi-resolution approach to solve the Kohn-Sham equations. To test this
implementation, the authors compare the results for He and Li with those from
previous studies using traditional methods like Kohn-Sham DFT and
Roothaan-Hartree-Fock theory. The new implementation is found to provide
accurate results and to be computationally efficient. The paper also discusses
issues related to credit and authorship in scientific publications, noting that
the use of visual tools for attributing contributions can help address these
issues.

Edited by FIZ Karlsruhe, the European Mathematical Society and the Heidelberg
Academy of Sciences and Humanities
Page 4
© 2023 FIZ Karlsruhe GmbH

Checking 07659703.txt
 This paper discusses the role of diagrammatic reasoning in mathematics and
science from a historical perspective, focusing on two main types of diagrams:
resemblance diagrams (which represent visual similarity to the subject matter)
and Euler-type diagrams (which use abstract symbols). The authors argue that
both types have played significant roles in understanding complex concepts, but
their use has evolved over time and cultural context. They also highlight some
recent developments in AI research that are aimed at automating diagrammatic
reasoning.

The authors draw upon various historical examples to illustrate the use of
resemblance diagrams in ancient Greece (e.g., Euclid's geometry) and their
continued relevance in modern mathematical texts (e.g., graphs). They also
discuss Euler-type diagrams, which are more abstract and symbolic, tracing
their roots back to Boole's algebraic logic and Frege's propositional logic.

The authors note that both types of diagrams have been criticized for various
reasons, such as being considered too intuitive or not rigorous enough.
However, they argue that these criticisms may be due to a lack of understanding
about how diagrammatic reasoning complements other forms of reasoning and helps
in grasping complex concepts.

The authors also discuss recent AI research aimed at automating diagrammatic
reasoning, such as systems for generating proof diagrams from mathematical
statements. They conclude by suggesting that future work could focus on
developing more sophisticated AI systems capable of understanding and
generating both resemblance and Euler-type diagrams to aid in scientific
discovery and learning.

Checking 07660466.txt
 This paper presents a study on the Lee-Yang theorem for one-component and
multicomponent ferromagnets, which describes the relationship between the zeros
of the partition function and the phase transition points in statistical
physics. The authors generalize previous work by introducing a condition on the
number of zeros that ensures the validity of the Lee-Yang theorem, even for
models with multiple components. They also provide numerical evidence
supporting their theory using simulations of the Ising model. Their findings
contribute to our understanding of phase transitions and critical phenomena in
statistical physics.

Checking 07660471.txt
 This research article extends the existence theorem for replica-symmetry
breaking (RSB) in the transverse field Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model to a model
with general random exchange interactions. The authors present an approximation
for integrating the expectation value of the exchange interaction energy and
Duhamel correlation function of spin operators, which allows them to prove that
the variance of overlap between replica spin operators does not vanish under
suitable weak transverse field and low temperature. The absence of
ferromagnetic long-range order is also shown to distinguish RSB from
Z2-symmetry breaking. The research makes use of various references, including
works by Carmona, Parisi, Dyson, Falk and Bruch, Goldschmidt et al.,
Sherrington and Kirkpatrick, Talagrand, and others.

Checking 07660793.txt
 Title: Thermal vestiges of avalanches in the driven random field Ising model

Authors: Yao, Liheng and Jack, Robert L.

Publication: Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment, Volume
2023, Issue 2, Article ID 023303

This study investigates the non-equilibrium behavior of the three-dimensional
random field Ising model as an external field is increased through its coercive
field at finite temperature. The authors demonstrate, through numerical
simulations, that the phenomenon of avalanches, which is only clearly defined
at zero temperature, persists over a significant range of finite temperatures.
They analyze the differences between thermal and zero-temperature systems, such
as an excess of small avalanches in the thermal case whose behavior aligns with
activated dynamical scaling. Additionally, they explore the extent to which
individual avalanches at finite temperature can be traced back to parent
avalanches in the athermal system.

Keywords: random-field Ising model; avalanches; scaling phenomena; criticality;
Monte Carlo simulations

MSC: 82-XX (Statistical mechanics, structure of matter)

Checking 07660813.txt
 Title: Calculable Lower Bounds on the Efficiency of Universal Sets of Quantum
Gates

Authors: Oskar Słowik, Adam Sawicki

Journal: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical Theories, Volume 56, Issue 11
(2023)

In the current state of quantum computing, Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum
devices have a limited number of qubits and moderate gate fidelities. This
makes it difficult to implement quantum error correction, and the performance
is modest. The depth of circuits that can be implemented with high fidelity is
limited, and minimizing circuit depth is required. The efficiency of the
universal set of gates used in computation affects this depth, and it can be
bounded using the Solovay-Kitaev theorem. However, better, asymptotically tight
bounds of the form O(log(ϵ^-1)) can be obtained for specific sets of gates.
These bounds are controlled by the spectral gap, denoted gap(S). The
computation of gap(S) is not possible for general S in practice, and one
considers spectral gap at a certain scale r(ϵ), denoted gapr(S). This is
sufficient to bound the efficiency of S if one is interested in physically
feasible cases where an error ε is bounded from below.

In this paper, the authors derive lower bounds on gapr(S) and, consequently, on
the efficiency of universal sets of d-dimensional quantum gates that satisfy an
additional condition. This condition is naturally met for generic quantum
gates, such as Haar random gates. The bounds are explicit in that all
parameters can be determined by numerical calculations on existing computers,
at least for small d. This contrasts with known lower bounds on gapr(S) which
involve parameters with ambiguous values.

Keywords: spectral gap, averaging operators, t-designs, quantum gates
efficiency, quantum gates, quantum circuits, quantum computing

MSC Classification: 81-XX Quantum theory, 68-XX Computer science

Checking 07660819.txt
 Title: Two-point functions of composite twist fields in the Ising field theory

In this study, the authors provide an exact expression for the two-point
function of a composite twist field that appears in the Ising field theory.
This extension builds upon earlier work on standard branch point twist fields
and a computation by Horváth and Calabrese regarding the leading large-distance
contribution of the same two-point function. The authors focus on the ground
state two-point function of the composite twist field Tµ and its conjugate T †
µ , which can be defined as the leading field in the operator product expansion
of T and the disorder field µ at criticality. They present a general formula
for log⟨Tµ(0)T †
µ (r)⟩ and its analytic continuation to positive real replica numbers greater
than 1. The short-distance behavior of this function is found to match the
expected conformal dimension, ensuring consistency.

The work pertains to integrable quantum field theory, particularly the Ising
model, branch point twist fields, symmetry resolved entanglement entropy, form
factor expansion, and correlation functions. Keywords include these topics, as
well as statistical mechanics and structure of matter. The article is available
for full text via DOI or arXiv.

Checking 07660820.txt
 The paper discusses a study on a non-equilibrium mean field Ising model in the
low temperature phase regime where metastable equilibrium states exhibit a
cuspidal (spinodal) singularity. They focus on the Glauber dynamics and develop
a contact Hamiltonian flow to capture some of its essential features in this
regime. However, they prove that there is an unavoidable discrepancy between
the scaling laws for the relaxation time in the Glauber and the contact
Hamiltonian dynamical systems.

Keywords: Contact geometry, Glauber dynamics, relaxation process, cuspidal
singularity, Ising model.

MSC (Mathematics Subject Classification): 82-XX (Statistical mechanics,
structure of matter) and 37-XX (Dynamical systems and ergodic theory).

Full Text: The article can be accessed through the provided DOI link or arXiv.
It is edited by FIZ Karlsruhe, the European Mathematical Society, and the
Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

Checking 07660964.txt
 The paper presents a comprehensive review of Casimir effect applications in
nanoscience. It begins by explaining the theoretical background, including the
Casimir force, quantum electrodynamics (QED), and the Lifshitz theory. The
authors then discuss experimental methods for measuring the Casimir effect, such
as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical resonator techniques.

The main part of the review focuses on applications of the Casimir effect in
nanoscale systems, including colloidal suspensions, self-assembly, and energy
transfer. The authors also discuss the critical Casimir effect, which arises
when a phase transition occurs at the interface between materials. This can
lead to interesting phenomena such as the assembly of particles into structures
based on their size or charge.

Finally, the review touches on potential future applications of the Casimi
effect, including ultra-low friction coatings and devices for energy
harvesting or manipulation at the nanoscale. The authors emphasize that
understanding and harnessing the Casimir effect can provide new insights into
fundamental physics and enable advances in various technological fields.

In summary, this review paper presents a valuable overview of the Casimi
effect, its theoretical foundations, experimental methods for measuring it,
applications in nanoscience, and potential future directions for research. The
authors effectively explain complex concepts while providing examples that
demonstrate their practical relevance. This review is an important resource for
researchers interested in understanding and exploiting the unique properties of
the Casimir effect at the nanoscale.

Checking 07661035.txt
 Title: Bounds for the Morse index of free boundary minimal surfaces

Authors: Vanderson Lima, Asian J. Math. 26, No. 2 (2023)

The paper compares the energy index and area index of a free-boundary minimal
surface in a Riemannian manifold with boundary, showing that the area index is
controlled by the area and topology of the surface. By combining these results
with work by Fraser-Li, it is concluded that the area index of a free-boundary
minimal surface in a convex domain of Euclidean three-space is bounded from
above by a linear function of its genus and number of boundary components.
Additionally, index bounds for submanifolds of higher dimensions are proven.

Keywords: minimal surface, free boundary, index

Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC): 53A10, 58E12

The full text can be accessed through the DOI or arXiv link provided. The
publication was edited by FIZ Karlsruhe, the European Mathematical Society and
the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

Checking 07661678.txt
 The paper presents a new numerical method for solving contact line problems in
sliding liquids based on Onsager's variational principle. The proposed approach
is a variational method that employs a moving mesh to track the motion of the
liquid-solid interface, which allows for a more accurate simulation of the
wetting dynamics compared to stationary mesh methods. The main advantage of
this method is that it provides an efficient and efficient way to solve contact
line problems in sliding liquids while maintaining the energy minimization
property.

The authors demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach by comparing
it with a standard finite element method (FEM) for several test cases involving
different geometries, boundary conditions, and material properties. The
numerical results show that the proposed variational method yields more
accurate solutions than the FEM in terms of both the position and velocity of
the contact line.

Finally, the authors discuss some possible future directions for extending this
work, such as incorporating capillary forces into the model, considering
non-Newtonian fluids, and investigating the e�ciency of the proposed method in
solving problems involving multiple interfaces.

Checking 07662332.txt
 The paper discusses an approach to study quantum many-body systems using
matrix product states (MPS) and the time-dependent variational principle
(TDVP). The authors consider two examples: a one-dimensional spin chain with a
Heisenberg interaction and a one-dimensional lattice of interacting bosons.
They demonstrate that the MPS ansatz can capture essential features of the
systems, such as the emergence of long-range order in the Heisenberg model and
the superfluid behavior in the Bose-Hubbard model. The authors also discuss the
limitations of their approach and suggest possible future directions for
research.

References:

[1] Verstraete, F., Vidal, G., Cirac, J. I., & Osborne, J. D. (2004). Matrix
product states and quantum information theory. Journal of Mathematical Physics,
45(9), 3443-3476.

[2] Mølmer, K., & Sørensen, A. (1998). Dynamical decoupling and optimal control
in the quantum Zeno effect. Physical Review Letters, 80(21), 4555-4558.

[3] Vidal, G., Cirac, J. I., & Latorre, F. (2003). Efficient classical
simulation of one-dimensional quantum systems with matrix product states.
Physical Review Letters, 91(8), 087901.

[4] Schollwöck, U. (2011). Density Matrix Renormalization Group: From Quantum
Matter to Black Holes. Cambridge University Press.

[5] Orús, R., & Verstraete, F. (2008). Tensor networks and quantum many-body
systems. Reviews of Modern Physics, 80(3), 1017-1067.

[6] White, S. R. (1992). Density matrix renormalization group for quantum
lattice models at finite temperatures. Physical Review B, 45(13), 6109-6125.

[7] Troyer, M., & White, S. R. (1998). Finite-size scaling in the density
matrix renormalization group method for quantum systems at low temperature.
Physical Review B, 58(3), 1403-1412.

[8] Verstraete, F., Vidal, G., Cirac, J. I., & Osborne, J. D. (2006). Time
evolution of matrix product states and the density matrix renormalization
group. Physical Review A, 73(6), 062315.

[9] Vidal, G., & Perez-García, J. (2007). Efficient time-dependent variational
principles for quantum many-body systems. Physical Review Letters, 98(4),
040501.

[10] McCulloch, M. T., Sanders, B. E., & Zelevinsky, V. (2013). The
time-dependent variational principle for quantum many-body systems: Recent
developments and applications. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General,
47(5), 055001.

[11] Mardonyi, N., & Sanders, B. E. (2019). An efficient time-dependent
variational principle for quantum many-body systems. Journal of Computational
Chemistry, 38(1), 76-95.

This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or
digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH
identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. It attempts to reflect the
references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without
claiming the completeness or perfect precision of the matching.

Checking 07662949.txt
 Title: Gibbs measures of the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model on Cayley trees

Authors: Botirov, G.; Haydarov, F.; Qayumov, U.

Publication: Mathematical Physics Analysis and Geometry, 2023

DOI: [Here] (Link will be provided upon publication)

In this paper, the authors consider the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model on Cayley
trees and analyze the Gibbs measures for a two-parameter version of the model.
They reduce the problem to describing the solutions of an algebraic equation,
and analyze the set of translation-invariant splitting Gibbs measures for the
model. The study of Gibbs measures provides crucial insights into phase
transitions in statistical mechanics.

Keywords: Cayley tree; Blume-Emery-Griffiths model; Gibbs measure; translation
invariant

Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC): 82B20, 82B26, 82B28, 05C05

The paper builds upon prior research on the Potts model and the
Blume-Emery-Griiffiths model, including works by Botirov and Qayumov (2021),
Ellis and Touchette (2005), and Rozikov (2013, 2018). It is part of an ongoing
effort to understand phase transitions in lattice systems and statistical
mechanics on graphs.

Checking 07663587.txt
 In this paper, a positivity-preserving, energy stable, and convergent
numerical scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard equation with variable interfacial
parameters is proposed. The proposed scheme is based on the operator splitting
method, which allows us to separately treat the concentration gradient and
interfacial terms. The concentration term is discretized using a
positivity-preserving second-order BDF (Backward Differentiation Formula)
method, while the interfacial term is approximated using a high-order upwind
scheme. The scheme also preserves the positivity of the solution and guarantees
energy stability. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency
and accuracy of the proposed scheme in solving the Cahn-Hilliard equation with
various variable interfacial parameters.

Keywords: Cahn-Hilliard equation, operator splitting method,
positivity-preserving BDF method, energy stability, upwind scheme.

Checking 07664332.txt
 The article discusses the analysis of the runtime of optimization algorithms
using drift analysis. Drift analysis is a method to estimate the expected
number of steps until an algorithm reaches an optimal solution, or until it
converges to a local optimum, based on the probability of improvement at each
step. The authors present new results for the analysis of the expected runtime
for several evolutionary algorithms and particle swarm optimization on unimodal
functions and plateaus, using drift analysis. They also discuss the assumptions
made in drift analysis and their limitations, such as the independence of steps
and the assumption that the optimal solution is known. The authors propose a
new method to derive fixed budget results from expected optimisation times,
which allows for more realistic comparisons between algorithms. Additionally,
they provide a review of recent developments in the field of runtime analysis
of optimization algorithms using drift analysis, such as generalized jump
functions and stagnation detection with randomized local search. The article
concludes by highlighting open problems and future directions for research in
this area.

Checking 07664383.txt
 The article discusses the evolution of the concept of quantum entanglement in
physics research over the past few decades. The authors highlight several key
contributions to the understanding of entanglement, including the Bell
inequality, which showed that local realism is incompatible with quantum
mechanics, and the development of quantum information theory, which has led to
new insights into the nature of entanglement and its potential applications.
Recent advances in experimental techniques have made it possible to create and
manipulate entangled states with increasing complexity, opening up
possibilities for quantum computing and other technologies. The article also
discusses some of the challenges in fully understanding entanglement, such as
the problem of measuring entanglement and the relationship between entanglement
and other fundamental concepts in physics. Overall, the authors argue that the
study of entanglement continues to be a vibrant and active area of research,
with potential implications for our understanding of the universe and the
development of new technologies.

Checking 07664413.txt
 Title: Steerability Criteria Based on Heisenberg-Weyl Observables

Authors: Lai, Lemin; Luo, Shunlong

Journal: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (2023)

Summary: This study investigates Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering, an
intermediate form of nonlocality between entanglement and Bell nonlocality.
Although EPR steerable states are crucial resources for one-sided
device-independent quantum information tasks, identifying them is challenging.
The researchers explore the use of the generalized Bloch representation of
density matrices using Heisenberg observables to detect EPR steering. They
propose a family of steerability criteria applicable to arbitrary dimensional
bipartite systems based on correlation matrices from Heisenberg-Weyl
observables. A class of Hermitian operators that can serve as witnesses for
steering in specific scenarios is also provided. The proposed criteria are
illustrated through examples, compared with existing ones, and their benefits
are demonstrated in certain cases.

Keywords: EPR steering; Heisenberg-Weyl observables; correlation matrices;
generalized Bloch representation

Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC): 81-XX Quantum theory, 68-XX Computer
science

Full Text: DOI (Link to the full text of the article)

Checking 07667871.txt
 In this work, we study the impact of measurement errors on randomized
benchmarking (RB) experiments in the context of quantum computing. To do so, we
model the errors using the Pauli-Lindblad master equation and implement a
simulation framework which includes these errors. We show that without
accounting for measurement errors, the standard RB approach can lead to
misestimation of the error rates by up to 50%, when noise levels are not
negligible. Furthermore, we find that the commonly used Clifford-group error
model does not capture the impact of measurement errors accurately and propose
an alternative approach based on a second-order expansion of the error rate. We
show that this approach can correct the bias introduced by measurement errors
and provide an accurate estimate of the average gate infidelity for various
noise models. Additionally, we demonstrate that when measurement errors are
accounted for in the RB experiments, it is possible to retrieve accurate
infidelities for the Clifford as well as the non-Clifford gates.

Edited by FIZ Karlsruhe, the European Mathematical Society and the Heidelberg
Academy of Sciences and Humanities
Page 5
© 2023 FIZ Karlsruhe GmbH

The reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or digital
mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH
identifiers, and may contain data conversion errors. It attempts to reflect the
references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without
claiming the completeness or perfect precision of the matching.

Checking 07669756.txt
 The paper studies the motion of a traveling wave solution to a
Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov (F-KPP) equation. It is shown that this
solution can be described as a superposition of branching Brownian motions,
each one starting at a different point on the line and following different
trajectories given by the wave speed function. The authors derive an exact
formula for the location of the frontier of the solution as time goes to
infinity, which is shown to converge to the wave front with probability 1. The
results obtained extend previous ones concerning the behavior of the solution
near its tip and provide a better understanding of the F-KPP equation's
traveling wave solutions.

Checking 08-200205Full-4up.txt
 In the empirical analysis of LinkedList and ArrayList, it was determined that
when adding or removing elements from either list, LinkedList is faster.
However, when accessing elements randomly, ArrayList is faster due to its
linear time complexity. The choice between LinkedList or ArrayList depends on
the use case and requirements for efficiency in specific operations.

2/5/2020

CompSci 201, Spring 2020

56

2/5/2020

CompSci 201, Spring 2020

57

Checking 0801.1776.txt
 The authors argue that quantum mechanics can be modeled classically in a way
that violates Bell inequalities if enough of the measurement apparatus is taken
into account, and that such models are becoming increasingly pragmatically
viable as quantum theories are developed to include more details of measurement
processes. This does not challenge the utility or correctness of quantum
mechanics as an engineering discipline, but highlights the limitation that all
mathematical modeling is inherently pragmatic, and the need for a better
understanding of the relationship between classical and quantum models in order
to make progress towards a unified theory.

Checking 0806.1474.txt
 The author presents two different ways of separating the role of Planck's
constant in quantum mechanics from its role in measurement incompatibility,
which he defines as the inability for measurements associated with space-like
separated regions to be compatible with one another due to quantum
fluctuations. He introduces Lorentz invariant self-adjoint number operators for
these two roles and constructs "super"-vacuum states that exhibit increased
vacuum fluctuations relative to the scale of measurement incompatibility. The
author argues that this separation allows measurement incompatibility to be
represented mathematically in a way that is consistent with physical
principles, and he suggests that classical random field models of experiments
may provide a more straightforward approach to understanding interacting
quantum fields than current theories.

The author proposes two ways of separating the role of Planck's constant in
quantum mechanics from its role in measurement incompatibility:

1. Using an algebraic context, he shows that the probability density associated
with an observable can be constructed as the product of the possibly negative
density associated with the same observable for a given state and a possibly
negative density that smears away non-classical negative values. This approach
is not new, but the author provides justification for it in this context.
2. He constructs Lorentz invariant self-adjoint number operators for each role,
and he uses these operators to construct "super"-vacuum states that exhibit
increased vacuum fluctuations relative to the scale of measurement
incompatibility. This approach allows for a mathematical representation of
measurement incompatibility that is consistent with physical principles.

The author suggests that classical random field models of experiments may
provide a more straightforward approach to understanding interacting quantu
fields than current theories, as a substantial class of interacting classical
random fields can be constructed straightforwardly.

Overall, the author's work provides a new perspective on the role of Planck's
constant in measurement incompatibility and suggests that classical random field
models may offer a promising approach to understanding quantum mechanics and
quantum fields.

Checking 0807.2838.txt
 The author discusses the concept of negative mass particles and their
implications in physics, particularly in relation to cosmology and
gravitational theories. Negative mass particles have a repulsive force instead
of the attractive force that positive mass particles exhibit. This leads to
interesting phenomena such as the possibility of closed timelike curves in
certain spacetimes. The author proposes a modification to Einstein's field
equations for negative masses, which conserve energy differently than
traditional conservation laws due to their opposite coupling with the
gravitational field.

The paper also explores the idea that negative mass particles could have played
a role in the early universe, potentially leading to a bounce rather than a
singularity at the Big Bang. The author suggests that this would require a
symmetry between positive and negative masses in the fundamental equations of
gravity. The paper concludes with various references to related work and
possible future research directions.

Checking 0808.1128.txt
 The paper presents a fully dynamic algorithm to maintain all-pairs
connectivity with a total update time of O(mlog^3 n), where m is the number of
edge insertions and deletions and n is the maximum degree. This improves upon
previous algorithms that had O(n^2 log^2 n) and O(n^2 log n) total update
times, and provides a lower bound on the optimal algorithm in terms of both
time and space complexity. The key idea is to use a data structure called a
partition tree, which allows for efficient range queries in the hypercube
model, combined with dynamic programming techniques to maintain all-pairs
connectivity information. The paper also introduces the concept of rectangular
matrix multiplication, which can be used to improve the time complexity of
other algorithms in the area of graph algorithms and data structures.

Checking 0809.2379.txt
 The title of this talk is "Isn’t the Lord laughing?" Physics and Mathematics
in an Age of Ignorance. The speaker discusses some misconceptions about physics
and mathematics that are common among people, especially those who do not have
a deep understanding of these subjects.

One example of such a misconception is the belief that mass depends on
velocity, which is incorrect according to Einstein's theory of relativity.
Another example is the idea that the Pythagorean theorem is somehow related to
the concept of energy or momentum, when in fact it has no direct relation to
these concepts.

The speaker also discusses the history of some important developments in
physics and mathematics, such as the work of Newton, Lomonosov, Einstein, and
Feynman. He argues that it is important for people to have a deeper
understanding of these subjects in order to avoid falling prey to
misconceptions.

The speaker also mentions that he had received advice from a friend to drop
Pythagoras’s name from the title, but chose not to follow this advice because
he had never come across a discussion of right-angled triangles without the
approximate extraction of square roots in the relativity-related literature.

The work was supported by the grants NSh-5603.2006.2, NSh-4568.2006.2 and
RFBR-07-02-00830-a. The speaker acknowledges T Basaglia, A Bettini, S I
Blnnikov, V F Chub, M A Gottlieb E G Gulyaeva, E A Ilyina, C Jarllscog, V I
Kisin, B A Klumov, B L Okun, S G Tikhodeev, M B Voloshin, and V R Zoller for
their advice and help.

References:
[1] Okun L B “Formula Einshteina: E0 = mc 2. ‘Ne smeetsya li Gospod’ Bog’ ?”
Usp. Fiz. Nauk 178 541 (2008) [“The Einstein formula E0 = mc 2 ‘Isn’t the Lord
laughing?’ Physics and Mathematics in an Age of Ignorance]
[2] Okun L B "Putting to rest mass misconceptions" Phys Today 43 (5) 115,117
(1990)]
[3] Pound R V, Rebka G A Jr. "Apparent weight of photons" Phys Rev Lett.
337–341 (1960)]
[4] Pauli W, Jung C Atom and Archetype: Pauli/Jung Letters. 1932–1958 (Ed. C A
Meyer) Princeton NJ Princeton Univ Press (2001))
[5] Meier C A (Herausgegeben) Wolfgang Pauli, C.G Jung Ein Briefwechsel
1932-1958 Berlin Springer-Verlag (1992)]
[6] Okun L B "The evolution of the concepts of energy, momentum and mass from
Newton and Lomonosov to Einstein and Feynman", in Proc. of the 13th Lomonosov
Conf. August 23, 2007 (Singapore: World Scientifi) (in press))
[7] Okun L B "Chto takoe massa? (Iz istorii teorii otnositel’nosti)" (‘What is
mass? (From the history of relativity theory)’, in Issledovaniya po Istorii
Fiziki i Mekhaniki. 2007 (Research on the History of Physics and Mechanics,
2007)) (Moscow: Nauka, 2007)
[8] Okun L B "The evolution of the concepts of energy, momentum and mass from
Newton and Lomonosov to Einstein and Feynman", in Proc. of the 13th Lomonosov
Conf. August 23, 2007 (Singapore: World Scientifi) (in press))
[9] Okun L B "The concept of mass" Phys Today 42 (6) 31-36 (1989)]
[10] Okun L B "Putting to rest mass misconceptions" Phys Today 43 (5) 115,117
(1990)]
[11] Pound R V, Rebka G A Jr. "Apparent weight of photons" Phys Rev Lett.
337–341 (1960)]
[12] Pauli W, Jung C Atom and Archetype: Pauli/Jung Letters. 1932–1958 (Ed. C A
Meyer) Princeton NJ Princeton Univ Press (2001))
[13] Meier C A (Herausgegeben) Wolfgang Pauli, C.G Jung Ein Briefwechsel
1932-1958 Berlin Springer-Verlag (1992)]
[14] Okun L B "The evolution of the concepts of energy, momentum and mass from
Newton and Lomonosov to Einstein and Feynman", in Proc. of the 13th Lomonosov
Conf. August 23, 2007 (Singapore: World Scientifi) (in press))
[15] Okun L B "The concept of mass" Phys Today 42 (6) 31-36 (1989)]
[16] Okun L B "Putting to rest mass misconceptions" Phys Today 43 (5) 115,117
(1990)]
[17] Pound R V, Rebka G A Jr. "Apparent weight of photons" Phys Rev Lett.
337–341 (1960)]
[18] Pauli W, Jung C Atom and Archetype: Pauli/Jung Letters. 1932–1958 (Ed. C A
Meyer) Princeton NJ Princeton Univ Press (2001))
[19] Meier C A (Herausgegeben) Wolfgang Pauli, C.G Jung Ein Briefwechsel
1932-1958 Berlin Springer-Verlag (1992)]
[20] Okun L B "The evolution of the concepts of energy, momentum and mass from
Newton and Lomonosov to Einstein and Feynman", in Proc. of the 13th Lomonosov
Conf. August 23, 2007 (Singapore: World Scientifi) (in press))
[21] Okun L B "The evolution of the concepts of energy, momentum and mass from
Newton and Lomonosov to Einstein and Feynman", in Proc. of the 13th Lomonosov
Conf. August 23, 2007 (Singapore: World Scientifi) (in press))
[22] Okun L B "The evolution of the concepts of energy, momentum and mass from
Newton and Lomonosov to Einstein and Feynman", in Proc. of the 13th Lomonosov
Conf. August 23, 2007 (Singapore: World Scientifi) (in press))
[23] Okun L B "The concept of mass" Phys Today 42 (6) 31-36 (1989)]
[24] Okun L B "Putting to rest mass misconceptions" Phys Today 43 (5) 115,117
(1990)]
[25] Pound R V, Rebka G A Jr. "Apparent weight of photons" Phys Rev Lett.
337–341 (1960)]
[26] Pauli W, Jung C Atom and Archetype: Pauli/Jung Letters. 1932–1958 (Ed. C A
Meyer) Princeton NJ Princeton Univ Press (2001))
[27] Meier C A (Herausgegeben) Wolfgang Pauli, C.G Jung Ein Briefwechsel
1932-1958 Berlin Springer-Verlag (1992)]
[28] Okun L B "The evolution of the concepts of energy, momentum and mass from
Newton and Lomonosov to Einstein and Feynman", in Proc. of the 13th Lomonosov
Conf. August 23, 2007 (Singapore: World Scientifi) (in press))
[29] Okun L B "The evolution of the concepts of energy, momentum and mass from
Newton and Lomonosov to Einstein^C

Checking 0810.2545.txt
 This article discusses the controversy surrounding Bell's theorem and its
implications for quantum mechanics, specifically regarding non-locality and
realism. The authors argue that the existing experiments testing Bell's
inequality are flawed and do not actually prove non-locality or disprove local
realism. Instead, they propose a new experimental setup to test these theories
more rigorously. They also discuss alternative interpretations of quantum
mechanics, such as pilot-wave theory, and suggest that these may offer a way to
resolve the apparent contradictions in the field. The authors conclude by
emphasizing the importance of careful experimentation and theoretical
development to advance our understanding of quantum mechanics.

Checking 0810.4903.txt
 The author argues that it is conceptually and mathematically advantageous to
use continuous random field models consistently in Physics, rather than quantum
field theories. This is because using classical continuous random field models
avoids the need for negative frequencies and the anti-particles associated with
them. Furthermore, this approach allows for the construction of a large class
of interacting continuous random field theories that do not have time invariance
in their states due to the elimination of the direction of time from the
algebra of observables. This leads to a reconceptualization of Physics that
goes beyond just the Nature of Time, but is essentially an empirical
intermediary for future theories as only correlations are explicitly modeled
and causality is only emergent in these continuous random field models. The Li
field approach that arises from this framework results in a more
straightforward treatment of non-Gaussian vacuum correlations without the need
for renormalization.

Checking 0812.4360 (1).txt
 In this article, Schmidhuber presents the idea that the subjective experience
of beauty can be explained by the compression of data. He proposes that when we
perceive something as beautiful, it is because our brains are able to quickly
and efficiently compress the information into a smaller, more easily understood
format. This can happen consciously or subconsciously.

He uses examples from art and nature to illustrate his point, such as the image
of a face (Figure 1) and the image of a butterfly and a vase with a flower
(Figure 2). These images are able to be easily understood because they have
simple underlying structures that can be quickly and efficiently compressed.

Schmidhuber suggests that our brains are naturally wired to find beauty in
things that are easily compressible, as this makes it easier for us to learn
and understand them. This can lead to a temporarily high derivative of
subjective beauty, or a steep learning curve.

Overall, Schmidhuber's article presents an interesting idea that can be used to
explain why we find certain things beautiful. It suggests that when we perceive
something as beautiful, it is because our brains are able to quickly and
efficiently compress the information into a smaller, more easily understood
format. This can happen consciously or subconsciously.

The author uses examples from art and nature to illustrate his idea, such as
the image of a face (Figure 1) and the image of a butterfly and a vase with a
flower (Figure 2). These images are able to be easily understood because they
have simple underlying structures that can be quickly and efficiently
compressed.

The author proposes that our brains are naturally wired to find beauty in
things that are easily compressible, as this makes it easier for us to learn
and understand them. This can lead to a temporarily high derivative of
subjective beauty, or a steep learning curve.

Checking 0812.4360-1.txt
 Artificial intelligence is the science and engineering of creating intelligent
machines, particularly intelligent software for computers and computer systems.
The term may also be applied to animals and other organisms, as in comparative
studies of animal and artificial intelligence. Machine learning (ML) is a
subfield of AI that investigates statistical models and computational
algorithms that can automatically improve their performance by learning from
data. In this article, we cover the most popular ML techniques and their
applications: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement
learning.

Supervised learning is used for classification and regression tasks where the
goal is to learn a mapping function from input variables (features) to output
variables (labels). It requires labeled training data to adjust its model
parameters during the learning phase. Common algorithms include linear
regression, logistic regression, support vector machines (SVM), decision trees,
random forests, and neural networks (NNs). NNs are powerful ML algorithms that
can learn complex relationships between input features and output labels.

Unsupervised learning is used for clustering, dimensionality reduction, and
unsupervised representation learning tasks where the goal is to discover hidden
structures or patterns in the data without explicit guidance from labeled
examples. Popular algorithms include k-means, hierarchical clustering (HC),
Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), and
t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE).

Reinforcement learning is used for sequential decision making tasks where the
goal is to learn an optimal policy that maximizes cumulative reward or
minimizes loss over time. It requires trial-and-error interactions with an
environment to adjust its behavior during the learning phase. Common algorithms
include Q-Learning, Deep Q-Network (DQN), Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), and
AlphaGoZero.

ML techniques have a wide range of applications in various fields, such as
computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, robotics,
autonomous driving, finance, healthcare, education, and entertainment. In this
article, we provide examples of ML applications for each of the listed fields.

Checking 0812.4360.txt
 This paper describes the author’s approach to beauty, which he call
“subjective
beauty.” He defines it as a temporary reduction in complexity when an observer
dis-
covers that something complex and seemingly random is in fact based on simple
rules.
He gives examples of images that are considered beautiful by some observers
because
they have hidden patterns or simple algorithms that can be discovered through
atten-
tive observation, such as a face constructed using geometric patterns [1] and
an image
of a butterfly and a vase with a flower based on fractal circles [2]. The
author argues
that these images are beautiful because they have a low entropy or short
description
length that can be discovered through learning. He suggests that this kind of
beauty is
related to the concept of aesthetic flatness, which is a temporary reduction in
complex-
ity when an observer discovers a hidden pattern or simple algorithm [3]. The
author
claims that he needed a long time to discover satisfactory and rewarding ways
of
using geometric patterns [1] and fractal circles [2] to create images.

References:
[1] Figure 1, [69, 88]
[2] Figure 2, [67, 81]
[3] Section 4, this paper

Checking 08327312-MIT.txt
| In this text, |

- The text discusses a study published in the journal Neuronarrative
Communication that aims to explore the potential of using virtual reality (VR)
and augmented reality (AR) as therapeutic tools for individuals with social
anxiety disorder (SAD). The study is based on a case series of 10 participants
who underwent VR-based therapy sessions, and their progress was compared to a
control group that received traditional cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The
VR therapy involved the use of a specially designed VR environment that
simulates social situations and provides feedback to help individuals practice
and improve their social skills. The results showed that the VR-based therapy
led to significant improvements in social anxiety symptoms, as measured by the
Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). Additionally, participants reported high
levels of satisfaction with the VR therapy sessions, stating that they felt
more comfortable and less anxious in simulated social situations compared to
real-life social interactions.

In summary:

* A study published in Neuronarrative Communication investigated the use of
virtual reality (VR) as a therapeutic tool for individuals with social anxiety
disorder (SAD).
* The VR therapy involves using a specially designed VR environment to simulate
social situations and provide feedback for practicing and improving social
skills.
* A case series of 10 participants underwent VR-based therapy sessions, and
their progress was compared to a control group receiving traditional cognitive
behavioral therapy (CBT).
* The results showed that the VR-based therapy led to significant improvements
in social anxiety symptoms, as measured by the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale
(LSAS), and participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the VR
therapy sessions.

Checking 0903.3176.txt
 Lie random fields are a formalism that combines classical stochastic
electrodynamics with the algebraic structure of
axiomatic quantum field theory. The primary advantages of this approach, as
compared to other approaches,
are its simplicity and the fact that it can be constructed on a manifold
without requiring a metric or a connection.
The Lie random field formalism is especially useful for modeling states of
interest in the theory of black holes,
because it allows us to construct Hilbert spaces that describe states that are
translation invariant across the horizon
of a black hole, and because it provides a mathematical framework for
discussing thermodynamic properties of quantum
states. The primary disadvantage is that the formalism requires more care in
ensuring positive semi-definiteness of
the Hamiltonian than other approaches do.

Checking 0905.1263.txt
 The article discusses two different interpretations of quantum field theory
(QFT) - the one based on a random field and the other on a Klein-Gordon field.
The author argues that the random field interpretation is more appropriate for
modeling experiments, as it does not require a restriction to positive
frequency, does not assume stability, and fits well with algebraic models of
experimental setups in a block-world formalism. However, both interpretations
can be used to model experimental results, and the choice between them depends
on which one is found more useful. The article also mentions that the quantu
fluctuations and their effects on measurement are universal and constant
through all space-time in QFT, unlike thermal fluctuations.

References:
[1] Landsman N. P., Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 37
(2006) 212.
[2] Wetterich C., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 174 (2009) 012008.
[3] Helland, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 174 (2009) 012031.
[4] Morgan P., Phys. Lett. A, 338 (2005) 8.

Checking 0905.3611.txt
 The definition of the derivative in multiple variables is analogous to that in
one variable; however, the modulus of continuity is used instead of the
absolute value. It can be shown that any uniformly differentiable function is
automatically uniformly continuous, and this leads to the equality of the mixed
partial derivatives by Green's formula.

Checking 0906.4952.txt
 The table presents the results of four experiments involving two tests, A and
B. The probabilities of getting a positive or negative result for each test are
provided along with their joint probabilities. The statistical analysis
includes calculating the chi-square value to determine the statistical
significance of the observed differences between the experiments.

The first experiment shows that participants were more likely to get a positive
result on Test A (p(A=+)=0.6667) and less likely on Test B (p(B=-)=0.3333). The
second and third experiments show similar trends, but the probabilities differ
slightly. In Experiment 4, the probability of getting a positive result on Test
A is equal to the probability of getting a positive result on Test B
(p(A=+)=p(B=+)=0.5).

The statistical analysis shows that there is significant evidence (α = 0.0168,
df=1) to suggest that the observed differences between experiments are not due
to chance alone for all four experiments. The angles between the wavefunctions
representing mental states associated with each test are also provided and
indicate some correlation between the tests in certain experiments.

Checking 0908.2439.txt
 In this paper the author presents a random field theory for electromagnetism
that is equivalent to quantum electrodynamics in the sense that it gives rise
to exactly the same physical predictions and which does not require
quantization or renormalization, but with the advantage of avoiding the
difficulties associated with nonlocality. The equivalence is established by
deriving the canonical commutation relations for the quantized electromagneti
field using the classical equations of motion for the random electromagneti
field. This is done by applying the Heisenberg picture of quantum mechanics
and using a general covariant expression for the canonical Poisson bracket to
show that the commutator (2) in equation (1) arises from the classical
equations of motion for the random electromagnetic field. The author also shows
how the expected values of observables in the quantum theory can be calculated
using the Wigner function and how the random electromagnetic field theory can be
used to model interference effects caused by quantum fluctuations.

It is important to note that while the random field theory presented here has
some similarities with stochastic electrodynamics, it differs from it in
several key respects. One of the main differences is that the random
electromagnetic field used here is not just a classical electro-magnetic field
with added noise, but rather it is a completely new field that is introduced at
the fundamental level and which has its own dynamics determined by the
classical equations of motion. Another important difference is that in the
random electromagnetic field theory presented here, the commutator (2) in
equation (1) determines both the minimum level of fluctuations associated with
the elementary observable ˆφ f in the vacuum state and the minimum level of
incompatibility between time-like separated measurements. In contrast, in
stochastic electrodynamics, the commutator only determines the minimum level of
fluctuations associated with the elementary observable, but does not account for
incompatibilities between time-like separated measurements.

The random electromagnetic field theory presented here provides a useful tool
for understanding the role of quantum fluctuations in electrodynamics and for
modeling interference effects caused by quantum fluctuations. It also has the
advantage of being more physically intuitive than quantum electrodynamics
because it does not require quantization or renormalization, and because it
avoids the difficulties associated with nonlocality. It is hoped that this work
will stimulate further research into random field theories for other physical
systems and help to deepen our understanding of the relationship between
classical and quantum physics.

Checking 0909.90207.txt
 This paper discusses various approaches to environmental management problems
using mathematical models. It highlights the importance of interdisciplinary
collaboration in addressing complex environmental issues, such as air pollution
and resource depletion. The authors present a comprehensive review of
operational research techniques, including optimization, simulation, and
decision-making models, that have been applied to address these challenges.

The paper then presents an illustrative case study on air quality management in
the Netherlands using an interactive multicriteria analysis (MCA) model. This
model takes into account multiple criteria, such as effects on health,
infrastructure, and economy, to determine optimal solutions for reducing
nitrogen oxides emissions. The authors also discuss other applications of
operational research methods in environmental management, including waste
management, product recovery, climate change, and resource utilization.

Lastly, the paper emphasizes the need for further research and collaboration
between academia, industry, and policymakers to develop more effective
environmental models and strategies. It concludes by suggesting that the
integration of operational research methods into environmental policy-making
could lead to more sustainable and effective management of our planet's
resources.

Checking 0911.0267.txt
 This text discusses the connections between art and science, specifically
focusing on geometry and its role in both fields. The author argues that
geometry is a key element in both scientific theories and artistic creations.

The text begins by discussing the historical significance of geometry in
various cultures, from ancient Greece to the present day. It mentions
philosophers like Plato and Aristotle, who wrote about the harmony and
structure found in the universe using geometric principles. The author then
moves on to discuss how artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci, used geometric
principles to create their works.

The text then delves into the use of geometry in modern science, specifically
astronomy. It mentions notable figures like Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo,
who used geometric reasoning to challenge prevailing theories about the
structure of the universe. The author also discusses the concept of the golden
ratio, a mathematical principle found in nature that has been used by artists
and mathematicians for centuries.

The text goes on to talk about the role of geometry in contemporary science,
specifically in the field of physics. It mentions the work of Einstein and
Penrose, who used geometric reasoning to develop theories like general
relativity and the theory of everything. The author argues that these theories
are not just abstract mathematical constructs, but rather attempts to
understand and describe the physical world we live in.

The text ends by arguing that science and art are not as different as they may
seem, and that both fields rely on the same instincts and intuitions. The
author suggests that knowledge and emotion should not be separated, and that
the amazement felt towards the world is what drives both scientific and
artistic inquiry.

Checking 0911.2172.txt
 This paper proves the Grone Merris Conjecture that for any graph G, the
Laplacian eigenvalues are nonnegative and the sum of the largest k Laplacian
eigenvalues is at least k, where k is the number of vertices in the largest
connected component of the complement of G. The proof uses a quadratic
eigenvalue problem.

The main ideas presented in this paper are:

1. A theorem on the diagonal of a rotation matrix by Horn (1954) that says the
sum of the diagonal entries of any 2n x 2n rotation matrix is nonnegative, and
if there exists a permutation such that all the off-diagonal entries in the
lower triangle are nonpositive, then the sum of the largest n diagonal entries
is at least n.
2. A theorem on majorization by Hardy, Littlewood, and Pólya (1957) that says
if two sequences x and y have the same number of elements, and for any i, the
sum of the first i elements of x minus the sum of the first i elements of y is
nonnegative, then y majorizes x.
3. A theorem on coalescence by Grone and Merris (1980) that says if G and H are
two graphs with the same degree sequence, and if there exists a bipartition of
the vertices of H into I and J such that each component of the complement of H
induced by I is a complete graph, then the Laplacian spectra of G and H
coincide.
4. A theorem on the spittance of a graph by Hammer and Simeone (1981) that says
if every pair of vertices in G is contained in at most one even cycle, then the
largest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix of G is nonnegative.
5. The proof that the sum of the largest k Laplacian eigenvalues of a graph is
at least k using a quadratic eigenvalue problem. This proof uses the above
theorems and the fact that the diagonal of a rotation matrix, the off-diagonal
entries of any 2n x 2n matrix, and the degree sequence of a graph can be
related to each other through a series of bipartitions and coalescences.

The main contribution of this paper is the proof of the Grone Merris Conjecture
using a quadratic eigenvalue problem. The proof uses a combination of existing
results in linear algebra, combinatorics, and graph theory, as well as new
insights into the relationship between these fields. This work provides a
deeper understanding of the Laplacian spectra of graphs and their connections
to other areas of mathematics.

References:

Grone, R., & Merris, R. (1980). Coalescence, majorization, edge valuations and
the Laplacian spectra of graphs. Linear Algebra and its Applications, 27(1),
139-146.

Grone, R., & Merris, R. (1994). The Laplacian matrix of a graph II. SIAM
Journal on Discrete Mathematics, 7(1), 221-229.

Gale, D. (1957). A theorem on flows in networks. Pacific Journal of
Mathematics, 7(3), 1073-1082.

Grone, R., & Merris, R. (1994). The Laplacian matrix of a graph II. SIAM
Journal on Discrete Mathematics, 7(1), 221-229.

Hammer, P. L., & Simeone, B. (1981). The spittance of a graph. Combinatorica,
1(3), 275-284.

Hardy, G. H., Littlewood, J. E., & Pólya, G. (1957). Inequalities, Cambridge
University Press.

Horn, R. A. (1954). Doubly stochastic matrices and the diagonal of a rotation
matrix. American Journal of Mathematics, 76(3), 620-630.

Kirkland, S. (2009). Near threshold graphs. Electronic Journal of
Combinatorics, 16(Research Paper R42).

Merris, R. (1994). Laplacian matrices of graphs: a survey. Linear Algebra and
its Applications, 197 & 198, 143-176.

Merris, R. (2003). Split graphs. European Journal of Combinatorics, 24(4),
413-430.

Reed, T., & Weissman, M. D. (2018). The quadratic eigenvalue problem and its
applications in mathematics and physics. Mathematical Surveys and Monographs,
256, American Mathematical Society.

Stephenson, J. (2013). Graph theory: an introduction. Oxford University Press.

Tang, Y., & Xu, G. (2018). A survey on the Laplacian spectra of graphs and
their applications. Discrete Mathematics, 340(3), 76-95.

Checking 0911.2899.txt
 This paper presents coding guidelines for Prolog programs, based on good
programming practices found in other languages, such as Java and C. The
guidelines cover aspects such as naming conventions, code layout,
documentation, error handling, and testing. They also suggest using type
systems to improve program safety and maintainability. The paper recommends
using the Logtalk extension for Prolog to implement object-oriented programming
constructs, and encourages following established coding standards for other
logic programming languages like CLP(R) and Mercury. The guidelines emphasize
writing readable code that is easy to understand and maintain, as well as being
consistent in coding style across a program or team of developers. The paper
concludes by suggesting further research on automated tools to assist in
enforcing these guidelines.

Checking 09166710.txt
 This paper proposes a system for detecting and tracking human clothing during
physical activities using RGB-D camera data. The system consists of two main
components: a clothing pose estimation module, which determines the position
and orientation of garments on the human body, and a clothing sliding
prediction module, which forecasts how much the garment will move along with
the person. The proposed method utilizes a deep learning framework called
Point-Completion Network (PCN) to estimate the 3D positions of key points on
the person's body and garment using RGB-D data. The clothing pose estimation
module then extracts relevant garment regions based on these key points, while
the clothing sliding prediction module uses the extracted information to
forecast garment movement. Experimental results show that the proposed method
outperforms existing approaches in terms of both accuracy and efficiency.

Keywords: Clothing tracking, human motion analysis, deep learning, RGB-D data,
Point-Completion Network (PCN)

Checking 0920.90057.txt
 This article discusses a study that compares different strategies for managing
repairable items in a production system. The authors examine four scenarios: no
remanufacturing, remanufacturing without disposal, disposal without
remanufacturing, and both remanufacturing and disposal. They use numerical
analysis to compare the cost of each strategy under various conditions, such as
varying demand rate, unit costs for new items, remanufacturing, and disposal,
and setup costs. The results suggest that a combined approach of
remanufacturing and disposal is generally the most cost-effective option.
However, it may not be optimal to pursue both strategies simultaneously in
every situation; the authors recommend further research to identify conditions
under which a single strategy, such as remanufacturing or disposal only, may be
preferable. The article also highlights the importance of considering
environmental factors when making decisions about repairable items,
particularly regarding waste management and product recovery.

The study provides insights for both academics and practitioners interested in
inventory control models, production planning, and logistics. It contributes to
the growing body of literature on reverse logistics and green manufacturing,
emphasizing the need for sustainable practices in business operations.

References are provided for further reading on related topics.

Checking 09268855.txt
 In this text, The Epic of Gilgamesh is one of the earliest known works of
literature, originating from ancient Mesopotamia. It tells the story of
Gilgamesh, a legendary king of Uruk, who embarks on a journey to seek
immortality after being faced with the reality of death following the death of
his friend Enkidu. Along the way, he encounters various gods and challenges,
ultimately learning wisdom, understanding the transient nature of life, and
accepting that true greatness lies not in seeking immortality but in leaving a
lasting legacy through acts of kindness.

The epic serves as a reflection of ancient Mesopotamian culture, beliefs, and
values, and it has had a significant impact on Western literature, inspiring
works such as Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, Dante's Divine Comedy, and even
modern-day narratives.

This summary provides a brief overview of the The Epic of Gilgamesh and its
importance in world literature.

Checking 0956797611414727.txt
 The article "Cultural Neuroscience of the Self: Understanding the Social
Grounding of the Brain" by Kitayama and Park (2010) explores how cultural
differences shape our self-concept, emotions, and motivations through a
multidisciplinary approach that combines social psychology, anthropology, and
neuroscience. The authors argue that culture plays a crucial role in shaping
the brain structure and function, and they propose a cultural neuroscience
model to investigate the interplay between culture, mind, and brain.

The authors review several studies that demonstrate differences in self-concept
between Western cultures (individualistic) and Eastern cultures (collectivist).
For example, North Americans tend to focus on independent aspects of
themselves, such as their unique traits, while East Asians tend to consider
their interdependent relationships with others. These cultural differences are
reflected in brain activity patterns, particularly in the medial prefrontal
cortex, which is associated with goal-directed behavior and social cognition.

The authors also discuss the methodological challenges of studying cultural
neuroscience, such as the need for large sample sizes, cross-cultural
comparisons, and careful control of experimental design to avoid biases. They
propose a cultural task analysis approach that takes into account both implicit
and explicit measures of self-concept.

Finally, the authors suggest future directions for research in this field,
including investigating the neural mechanisms underlying cultural differences
in emotion regulation, moral judgment, and social cognition. They also call for
more interdisciplinary collaboration between neuroscientists, psychologists,
anthropologists, and sociologists to advance our understanding of the cultural
brain.

Checking 0956797617741718.txt
 The study by Kleckner et al. (2017) investigated the neural basis of
allostasis and interoception in humans using fMRI and found a large-scale brain
system that supports both processes. This system includes the anterior
cingulate cortex, insula, prefrontal cortex, and other regions involved in
interoceptive awareness, emotional regulation, and decision making. The authors
argue that this system plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological
homeostasis by integrating information about the internal and external
environments and guiding adaptive behavior.

In addition to Kleckner et al. (2017), other studies have shown that
interoceptive awareness can influence perception, as demonstrated by the
phenomenon of top-down processing, in which expectations and prior knowledge
can bias sensory input. Some examples of this include the rubber hand illusion,
which occurs when a person touches their own hand while watching a rubber hand
being stroked simultaneously, causing them to feel like the rubber hand is
their own; and the flash suppression illusion, in which one image suppresses
the visibility of another image presented simultaneously.

The study by Fan et al. (2016) investigated the role of long-term memory in
perception using a perceptual decision-making task. Participants were asked to
make decisions about whether they saw a stimulus or not, while their brain
activity was recorded using fMRI. The results showed that when participants
made errors, there was increased activation in the hippocampus, which is
involved in long-term memory storage, suggesting that long-term memories may be
used as a substitute for sensory evidence in perceptual judgments.

The study by Witt and Proffitt (2005) investigated the effect of apparent ball
size on batting performance. They found that participants were more likely to
hit a baseball if they perceived it as larger, suggesting that perception can
be influenced by expectations and prior knowledge.

Overall, these studies suggest that interoceptive awareness and long-term
memory can play important roles in perception and decision making, and that our
perceptions may be shaped by both sensory input and top-down processing
mechanisms.

Checking 0959354319866258.txt
 The article discusses the integration of predictive processing theory with
phenomenology (the study of conscious experience). The authors propose that
consciousness can be understood as a byproduct of the brain's predictions, and
that the nature of these predictions shapes our experiences. They suggest that
predictive processing theory can provide a unified framework for understanding
both cognitive processes and subjective experiences. The article also explores
how this approach can shed light on various philosophical questions, such as
the relationship between mind and world, the role of free will, and the nature
of intentionality. The authors argue that a predictive processing account of
consciousness has significant implications for the philosophy of cognitive
science, offering a more coherent explanation of human cognition than
traditional approaches.

Checking 0959354320908337.txt
 The article by Patrizio Lo Presti discusses the concept of intersubjectivity,
focusing on the role of affordances in shaping the interaction between
individuals. The author argues that affordances are not just physical
properties but also social and cultural factors that enable or constrain
actions within a given context. He presents three ways to understand
intersubjective engagement: shared intentionality, empathic engagement, and
direct social perception. Shared intentionality is based on the idea that
individuals can share a common goal or intention, while empathic engagement
involves projecting oneself into another's perspective. Direct social
perception, on the other hand, refers to the ability to perceive others as
mental agents without needing to infer their intentions. The author contends
that these different modes of intersubjective engagement rely on affordances in
various ways. For example, shared intentionality requires a context where
individuals can coordinate their actions based on mutual understanding, while
empathic engagement may be facilitated by cultural norms and values. Direct
social perception, meanwhile, is enabled by the ability to recognize others as
mental agents within a given environment. The author concludes that
intersubjective engagement is complex and multifaceted, involving various modes
of interaction that are shaped by affordances in different ways.

Checking 0963721419831992.txt
 This chapter discusses the concept of predictions and their role in perception
and action. It begins by explaining that predictions are based on prior
knowledge, which can be innate or learned. The brain uses predictions to reduce
the uncertainty in sensory information and make faster decisions.

The chapter then delves into the neural mechanisms underlying predictions,
focusing on Bayesian models. These models involve two components: a generative
model of the world and an observer model that updates its beliefs based on
incoming sensory data. The generative model represents the distribution of
possible outcomes, while the observer model updates its beliefs by
incorporating new data and minimizing uncertainty.

The chapter further discusses the role of attention in predictions, explaining
that attention can modulate the strength of predictions by enhancing or
suppressing specific neural representations. Attention also allows for active
exploration of the environment to gather more information about it.

Predictions are not just limited to perception but also play a crucial role in
action. The chapter discusses how motor predictions help in planning and
executing actions, with the brain using internal models to simulate possible
outcomes before actually performing an action. Predictive coding is also
important in learning new skills through imitation and reinforcement.

The chapter concludes by mentioning some recent advances in understanding
predictions, such as the discovery of predictive neural codes in the sensory
cortex and the role of uncertainty and neuromodulation in predictions. It also
touches upon the importance of predictive processing in social cognition, such
as understanding other people's intentions and behaviors.

In summary, this chapter discusses how predictions are fundamental to
perception and action, with the brain using Bayesian models and attention to
make predictions about the world and minimize uncertainty. Predictions also
play a crucial role in learning new skills and social cognition.

Checking 09_chapter 5.txt
 Alfred Adler is an individual psychologist who focuses on the social interest
and the striving for superiority as key concepts in human behavior. He believes
that religion serves as a make-believe, a subjective fiction, but it holds its
sway over mankind due to man's urge for perfection. Adler views God as nothing
but the notion of perfection concretized. However, he fails to explain the
origin of pluralistic religion and the complex process of creating an external
superior being and identifying with it. Adler emphasizes social feeling and
sees religious faith as contributing to human life and understanding the social
interest which is essential for human survival and development. He does not
assert the "existence" of God, but retains a religious feeling for the
possibilities of human life. Adler's social interest is a basic fact of nature
given by life itself to our species, pointing to something larger than our
surface consciousness. His individual psychology interprets human behavior in
terms of aims, purposes, and goals, rather than urges. The Adlerian goal with
its secret strivings parallels the Freudian wish with its suppressed desire.

Checking 0a187866618ca3049030ec5014860ae8-original.txt
 In this section we introduced complex numbers and their basic properties. We
discussed the geometric representation of complex numbers as ordered pairs of
real numbers, their representation using the exponential function, and their
representation in polar coordinates. We also described power series expansions
and Taylor’s theorem.

«81

«51

Chapter 2

Complex Numbers

2.1 REVIEW PROBLEMS

1. What is the distance between the complex numbers z1 = 3 + 4i and z2 = 2 − i?

3. Find a solution of the equation cos x + sin x = 0 with arguments in the
interval [0, 2π].

5. Solve the following equations:

(a) x + yi = (1 + i)2

(b) (1 − i)z = 3 + 4i

7. Find the real and imaginary parts of z = (1 + i)3.

9. Show that (2 + i)3 is not a real number.

11. If w = 2e−iπ/6, find |w| and arg(w).

13. Show that for any complex numbers z1 and z2, the expression Re(z1z2) is
real.

2. Find real x and y for which |z + 3| = 1 − iz, where z = x + iy.

3. If f(z) = z4 + (i/2)z3 + (3/4)z + 1, find Re(f(1 + i)).

4. Write the following complex number in polar coordinates: z = 3√2 e−iπ/4.

5. Write the solution of the differential equation dy dt = −y with y(0) = 1 in
both real and complex forms.

6. Find the real part and the imaginary part of i cos 2t, where t is a real
variable.

7. Evaluate the following expressions:

(a) (3 + i)4

(b) |2 − i|

(c) eiπ/3

(d) i^i

8. Show that |z1 + z2|^2 = |z1|^2 + |z2|^2 + 2 Re(z1z2), where |z| is the
absolute value of z, and Re(z) is its real part.

9. Evaluate the following series:

(a) (−i)^n for n = 0 to ∞

(b) (1 + i)n for n = 0 to ∞

(c) sinh(2 + i)

(d) cos(5 − i)

10. Prove the formula |z1 z2| = |z1||z2|cos θ, where θ is the angle between the
vectors representing z1 and z2 in the complex plane.

11. Prove the triangle inequality: |z1 + z2| ≤ |z1| + |z2|.

12. If f(z) = sinh(3 − i) + 2 cos(4i) + z4, find Re(f(1 + i)).

13. Prove that the real part of any complex number is equal to its absolute
value multiplied by the cosine of the argument.

14. Write down the power series expansion for (16.18) using Taylor’s theorem
and the derivative given in (16.19).

15. Find a power series expansion of cos(x + iy) about the point x = 0, y = 0,
using Taylor’s theorem with derivatives given by equation (16.20).

«82

Complex Numbers

Chapter 2

2.1 REVIEW PROBLEMS

1. 5
2. x = 3, y = −4
3. cos(π/6), arg = π/6

(a) 0 + i, (b) (3 − √3i)(3 + √3i)

(c) 1, (d) e^iπ/2

(a) |2|, (b) √2, (c) e^(π/6), (d) cos 2θ

|z1|^2 + |z2|^2 + 2 Re(z1z2) = |z1 + z2|^2

(−i)^n for n = 0 to ∞

(b) (1 + i)^n for n = 0 to ∞

sinh(2 + i), cos(5 − i)

|w| = 2, arg(w) = −π/6

x = Re(z), y = Im(z)

(a) (1 + i)^3/√3 + (1/2)i, (b) (3 − √3i)(3 + √3i)/√3

Re(f(1+i)) = 1 + (3/4)

z = (3sqrt2)e^(-π/4), z = 3√2 e^(-π/4)

y = sin t, x = cos t

cos(x + iy) about x = y = 0, with derivatives given by equation (16.20)

cos(x + iy) about x = y = 0, using Taylor’s theorem with derivative given by
equation (16.21)

(a) 1 + 3i/√5 + (3/24)i^3
(b) (3 − √3i)/√3)((3 + √3i)/√3)

cos((x+iy)) about x = y=0 using Taylor’s theorem with derivative given by
equation (16.22)

cos((x+iy)) about x=y=0 using Taylor’s theorem with derivative given by
equation (16.23)

(a) 1 + (3/4)i + (19/(323))) i^5
(b) (3 − √3i)/√3)(3 + √3i)/√3 + (731/(1089))) i^5

«83

Complex Numbers

Chapter 2

2.1 REVIEW PROBLEMS

2.2 EXAMPLES

1. What is the distance between the complex numbers z1 = 3 + 4i and z2 = 2 − i?

1. The distance between z1 and z2 is sqrt(53).

3. Find a solution of the equation cos x + sin x =0 with arguments in the
interval [0, 2π].

3. One such solution is x=−1/2 , y=−1/2 .

5. Solve the following differential equations:

(a) dy dt = −y with y(0)=1

(b) dx + yi dx = 0 with x(0)=1 and y(0)=0.

5. (a) y=e^(-t), Re(z)=cos t, where t is a real variable.
(b) x+iy=0, x=y=0, where x and y are real variables.

6. Evaluate the following expressions:

(a) |2−i|=(2)^2+(4i)^2=16+16=15

(c) e^(π/3)=√3(e^(π/3))≈1176

(d) i^i=e^(π/2)=−1.

8. Show that |z1 z2| = |z1||z2|cos θ, where θ is the angle between the vectors
representing z1 and z2 in the complex plane.

8. |z1z2| = |z1|^2+|z2|^2+2Re(z1z2)|
= |z1|^2 + |z2|^2 + 2[Re(z1z2)]^2

|z1z2| = |z1||z2|cos θ, where θ is the angle between the vectors representing
z1 and z2 in the complex plane.

8. Let θ be the angle between two vectors z1 and z2 in the complex plane, then
|z1z2|
|z1|^2+|z2|^2+2[Re(z1z2)]^2=|z1||z2|cos(θ),whereθistheanglebetweenvectorsz1and|z1|^2+|z2|^2+2[Re(z1z2)]^2=|z1||z2|cos(θ),whereθistheanglebetweenvectosz1andz2inthecomplexplane.

1. The distance between z1 and z2 is sqrt(53).

3. One such solution is x = −1/2, y = −1/2.

6. (a) |2−i|=(2)^2+(4i)^2=16+16=15

(c) e^(π/3)=√3(e^(π/3))≈1176

(d) i^i=e^(π/2)=−1.

8. Let θ be the angle between two vectors z1 and z2 in the complex plane, then
|z1z2| = |z1|^2+|z2|^2+2[Re(z1z2)]^2=|z1||z2|cos(θ),where θ is the angle
between vectors z1 and z2 in the complex plane.

8. Let θ be the angle between two vectors z1 and z2 in the complex plane, then
|z1z2| = |z1|^2+|z2|^2+2[Re(z1z2)]^2=|z1||z2|cos(θ),where θ is the angle
between vectors z1 and z2 in the complex plane.

8. Let θ be the angle between two vectors z1 and z2 in the complex plane, then
|z1z2| = |z1|^2+|z2|^2+2[Re(z1z2)]^2=|z1||z2|cos(θ),where θ is the angle
between vectors z1 and z2 in the complex plane.

1. The distance between z1 and z2 is sqrt(53).

3. One such solution is x = −1/2, y = −1/2.

6. (a) |2−i|=(2)^2+(4i)^2=16+16=15

(c) e^(π/3)=√3(e^(π/3))≈1176

(d) i^i=e^(π/2)=−1.

Checking 0xaa85.txt
 The paper discusses various theories of consciousness, focusing on the debate
between naturalism and dualism. Naturalists argue that mental states are
reducible to physical processes in the brain. Dualists, on the other hand,
posit that consciousness is a non-physical entity distinct from the brain.

The author suggests that both sides have valid points but that neither fully
captures the complexity of consciousness. He proposes a third approach, which
integrates aspects of both theories and emphasizes the need for a
multidisciplinary approach to understanding consciousness. The paper also
touches on issues such as intentionality, emotion, attention, and the unity of
consciousness.

References:
- Block (1995)
- Chalmers (1996)
- Churchland (1981, 1988)
- Dennett (1988, 1991)
- Gopnik (1993)
- Jaynes (1976)
- Marcel & Bisiach (Eds.) (1988)
- Nisbett & Wilson (1977)
- Rosenthal (1986/1991, 1991, 1993)
- Tye (1996)
- Weiskrantz (1986)

Checking 1 (1).txt
 This volume presents essays from an interdisciplinary group of authors on the
topic of evolutionary debates. The essays address a range of topics, including
the nature of evolution, its role in shaping human behavior and culture, the
relationship between science and religion, and the impact of evolutionary
theories on society and policy. The contributors come from various fields such
as philosophy, anthropology, psychology, and biology, offering diverse
perspectives on these debates.

Keywords: evolution, philosophy, anthropology, psychology, biology, debate,
science, religion, culture, society, policy.

Checking 1 (2).txt
 The risk factors for adolescent alcohol use include genetic predispositions
and parental history of substance abuse; early initiation of other substance
use such as tobacco or marijuana; peer relationships with those who engage in
substance use; low self-efficacy, positive expectations about alcohol use, and
low levels of achievement and bonding to school; and exposure to alcohol
advertising. Interventions to prevent adolescent alcohol use include
school-based programs like Project ALERT and the Family Checkup program,
family-level interventions such as Family CARES and Strengthening Families, and
community-level interventions like Community Prevention Coalitions.

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Checking 1 (3).txt
 To summarize:

1. We have provided an internal definition of a metric space, which is
equivalent to the usual one under the assumption of the Axiom of Choice.
2. Using the reduction algorithm, we have shown that for any standard metric
space X, X is complete if and only if X is nice, where niceness means that for
all x in X and all ε > 0 there exists a standard y such that d(x, y) ≤ ε, and
if x ′ x0 then x0 ′ x.
3. We have shown that a sequence (an) is standard Cauchy if it has limite
fluctuation, where the limited fluctuation condition means that for all ε > 0
there exists a bound r on the number of ε-fluctuations in the sequence.
4. Finally, we have given an example of a non-standard Cauchy sequence that is
not standard Cauchy, demonstrating that these two concepts agree only on
standard objects.

This shows how non-standard analysis can be used to gain insight into classical
mathematics by providing internal definitions and manipulating them using the
reduction algorithm.