Slow compilation for transposed convolution

[hawkinsp]

The following HLO module consists of a single convolution and takes a very long time to compile (around 30+ seconds on my workstation):

HloModule jit_toy_model_jax, entry_computation_layout={(f32[1,8,8,128]{3,2,1,0}, f32[32,32,128,32]{3,2,1,0})->f32[1,144,144,32]{3,2,1,0}}

ENTRY main.4 {
  Arg_0.1 = f32[1,8,8,128]{3,2,1,0} parameter(0), sharding={replicated}
  Arg_1.2 = f32[32,32,128,32]{3,2,1,0} parameter(1), sharding={replicated}
  ROOT convolution.3 = f32[1,144,144,32]{3,2,1,0} convolution(Arg_0.1, Arg_1.2), window={size=32x32 pad=31_31x31_31 lhs_dilate=16x16}, dim_labels=b01f_01io->b01f
}

This bug was originally reported as jax-ml/jax#17464, in which the user reports their model took over 4 minutes to compile.

Something seems wrong here...