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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Introduction to Python | Girl Develop It</title>
<meta name="description" content="This is the official Girl Develop It Core Intro to Python course. The course is meant to be taught in four two-hour sessions. Each of the slides and practice files are customizable according to the needs of a given class or audience.">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/reveal.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/theme/gdiaa.css" id="theme">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/css/light.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/print/pdf.css" media="print">
<script src="lib/js/head.min.js"></script>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="lib/js/html5shiv.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<!-- Any section element inside of this container is displayed as a slide -->
<div class="slides">
<!-- Opening slide -->
<section>
<img src="images/gdi_logo_badge.png" class="img--bare" height="450px" />
<div class="box--small">
<h3><span class="green">Intro to Python Class 1</span></h3>
</div>
</section>
<!-- Welcome-->
<section class="hide-pdf">
<h3>Welcome!</h3>
<div class = "left-align">
<p>Girl Develop It is here to provide affordable and accessible programs to learn software through mentorship and hands-on instruction.</p>
<p class ="green">Some "rules"</p>
<ul>
<li>We are here for you!</li>
<li>Every question is important</li>
<li>Help each other</li>
<li>Have fun</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Welcome!</h3>
<div class = "left-align">
<p class = "blue">Tell us about yourself.</p>
<ul>
<li>Who are you?</li>
<li>What do you hope to get out of the class?</li>
<li>What is your favorite or dream vacation destination?</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>What we will cover this morning</h3>
<ul class="list--xtall box--small copy--small">
<li class ="fragment">Why Python?</li>
<li class ="fragment">What is programming?</li>
<li class ="fragment">Variables and arithmetic</li>
<li class ="fragment">Statements and Error Messages</li>
<li class ="fragment">Development Environment Setup</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- WHAT IS PYTHON : 25 minutes -->
<section>
<h3>Why Python?</h3>
<ul class="list--tall copy--small box--small">
<li class ="fragment">Suitable for beginners, yet used by professionals</li>
<li class ="fragment">Readable, maintainable code</li>
<li class ="fragment">Rapid rate of development</li>
<li class ="fragment">Variety of applications</li>
<li class="fragment">Vast, welcoming community</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>What is Python used for?</h3>
<ul class="list--tall copy--small box--small">
<li class ="fragment">System Administration (Fabric, Salt, Ansible)</li>
<li class ="fragment">3D animation and image editing (Maya, Blender, Gimp)</li>
<li class ="fragment">Data Science (pandas, sklearn, nltk, tensorflow)</li>
<li class ="fragment">Web development (Django, Flask)</li>
<li class ="fragment">Game Development (Civilization 4, EVE Online)</li>
<li class ="fragment">Web scraping (selenium, scrapy)</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Who is using Python?</h3>
<ul class="list--tall copy--small box--small">
<li>Disney</li>
<li>Dropbox</li>
<li>Buzzfeed</li>
<li>Google</li>
<li>NASA</li>
<li>(many, many others)</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- WHAT IS PROGRAMMING -->
<section>
<h3>What is programming?</h3>
<ul class="list--xtall box--small copy--small">
<li class="fragment">Teaching the computer to do a task</li>
<li class="fragment">A program is made of one or more files of code, each of which solve part of the overall task.</li>
<li class="fragment">The code that you program is human readable but translates into a form that the computer can understand and run.</li>
<li class="fragment">Don't focus on what's "under the hood" for now. We will "drive the car" first.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>NOTE: Computers need simple, clear instructions</h3>
<img src="img/confusedrobot.jpg" alt="Confused robot"/>
<p class="credit">Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/baboon/3946055/" target="_blank">baboon</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Thinking like a programmer</h3>
<p>Computers are great at <em>processing</em>. They are bad at <em>understanding</em>.</p>
<p>When you write a program, you must break down every step into simple pieces.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Example: Draw a Square</h3>
<ol class="fragment">
<li>Find a whiteboard and a dry erase marker.</li>
<li>Uncap the dry erase maker.</li>
<li>Hold the marker in your hand.</li>
<li>Place the marker against the whiteboard.</li>
<li>Move your hand 1 foot to the right.</li>
<li>Stop.</li>
<li>Move your hand 1 foot down...</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Example: Make a Sandwich</h3>
<iframe title="Sandwich video" width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XWe4iohhmIw" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
<p class="credit">Source: <a>Harvard Students Making Sandwich: CS 50 Algorithm Intro</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Basically, computers can be hard to work with!</h3>
<img src="img/computer-toddler.jpg" alt="Toddler using old word processor"/>
<p class="credit">Photo credit: <a href="https://flic.kr/p/5Uvapm" target="_blank">Dan Hatton</a> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></p>
<aside class="notes">Reassure the students! Coding is difficult, and it may take time to get good at it. Also, the natural state of code is broken. It's normal to have error messages, </aside>
</section>
<section>
<h3>How does Python work?</h3>
<img src="img/how-python-works.jpg" alt="How Python works"/>
<p class="credit">Photo credit: <a href="http://opensourceforgeeks.blogspot.in/2015/10/how-python-works.html" target="_blank">Open Source for Geeks</a> </p>
<p>If the interpreter finds code it doesn't understand, it stops running and creates an error message.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Command line, Python Shell, Text Editors, Notebooks</h4>
<table class="copy--small box">
<tr>
<td style="width: 200px;"><strong>Terminal</strong></td>
<td style="padding-bottom: 20px;">A program that has a <span class="blue">command line interface</span> and <span class="green">issues commands to the operating system</span>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Python Shell</strong></td>
<td style="padding-bottom: 20px;">A <span class="blue">command line program</span> that runs inside of the terminal, <span class="green">takes Python code</span> as input, interprets it, and prints out any results.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Text Editor</strong></td>
<td style="padding-bottom: 20px;">A <span class="blue">program that opens text files</span> and allows the user to edit and save them. (Different than a word processor).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Notebook (e.g. Jupyter, Zeppelin)</strong></td>
<td style="padding-bottom: 20px;">A <span class="blue">document containing code and text </span> and allows user to <span class="green">interactively</span> explore the results of code and simultaneously write-up findings in a reproducible workflow. (Different than a word processor).</td>
</tr>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Example Text Editors</h3>
<table class="copy--small" style="width: auto; margin: 2em auto;">
<tr>
<td style="width: 200px;"><strong>Linux</strong></td>
<td style="padding-bottom: 20px;">Gedit, Jedit, Kate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>MacOSX</strong></td>
<td style="padding-bottom: 20px;">TextMate, TextWrangler</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Windows</strong></td>
<td style="padding-bottom: 20px;">Notepad++</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>All</strong></td>
<td style="padding-bottom: 20px;">Sublime Text, Vim, Emacs</td>
</tr>
</table>
</section>
<!-- Let's develop it: 10 minutes-->
<section>
<h3>Let's Develop It!</h3>
<p class="box--small copy--small">Let's setup our computer for Python programming</p>
<ul class="list--xtall box--small copy--small">
<li>
<a href="http://www.sublimetext.com/3" target="_blank">Install Sublime Text 3</a> - A text editor
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.python.org/download/" target="_blank">Install Python 2.7</a>
<br/><small>(This step is for Windows users only. GNU/Linux and Mac OS X come with Python installed!)</small>
</li>
<li>
<strong>Windows Users:</strong> After installing Python, open the "powershell" program and type:
<br/><code class="copy--xsmall">[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path", "$env:Path;C:\Python27", "User")</code>
</li>
<li>
Locate and run the terminal program.
</li>
<li>
More setup instructions are available:
<a href="http://learnpythonthehardway.org/book/ex0.html" target="_blank">here</a>
<br/><small>(You can, but don't have to install the other text editors recommended in this guide)</small>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- Block 2: 30 minutes -->
<section>
<h3>Let's Develop It!<br/><small><span class="blue">Working in the Python Shell</span></small></h3>
<p class="box--small">Open up your terminal and type <code>python</code></p>
<p class="fragment copy--small box--small">Follow along with the examples in the upcoming slides.<br/>Just type them right in!</p>
<p class="fragment copy--small box--small">Feel free to explore, as well.<br/>You will not accidentally break things!</p>
</section>
<!-- Variables & Arithmatic -->
<section>
<h3>Variables and Arithmetic</h3>
<div class='box--small'><pre><code contenteditable class="python" style="min-height: 50px;">
3 + 4
2 * 4
6 - 2
4 / 2
</code></pre></div>
<div class='box--small'><pre><code contenteditable class="python" style="min-height: 50px;">
>>> a = 2
>>> b = 3
>>> print a + b
5
>>> c = a + b
>>> print c * 2
10
</code></pre></div>
<div class='box--small'><pre><code contenteditable class="python" style="min-height: 50px;">
>>> a = 0
>>> a = a + .5
>>> print a
0.5
>>> a
0.5
</code></pre></div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Data Type: Strings</h3>
<p class="copy--small box--small">Python provides some tools to manipulate different data types</p>
<p class="copy--small box--small">For the data type <strong>string,</strong> we can print words in all uppercase, lowercase, or capitalize the first letter.</p>
<div class="box--small"><pre><code contenteditable class="python" style="min-height: 50px;">
>>>'hello'.upper()
'HELLO'
>>>'welcome'.capitalize()
'Welcome'
>>'GOOD BYE'.lower()
'good bye'
</code></pre></div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Operators for strings</h3>
<p class="copy--small box--small">Strings can also be manipulated with a set of <strong>operators</strong></p>
<p class="copy--small box--small">A "string" can be used with the operators: <code>+</code>, <code>*</code></p>
<div class="box--small"><pre><code contenteditable class="python" style="min-height: 50px;">
a = 'Hello '
b = 'World'
c = a + b
print c
</code></pre></div>
<div class="box--small"><pre><code contenteditable class="python" style="min-height: 50px;">
a = "Spam "
b = a * 4
print b
</code></pre></div>
<div class="box--small"><pre><code contenteditable class="python" style="min-height: 50px;">
a = 'spam '
b = 'eggs'
c = a * 4 + b
print c
</code></pre></div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Data Types</h3>
<ul class="list--tall copy--small box--small">
<li>Variables are used to store data for future use</li>
<li class="fragment">Data always has a "type"</li>
<li class="fragment">The type of a piece of data helps define what it can do</li>
<li class="fragment">The type can be found using: <code>type()</code></li>
<li class="fragment"><code>type()</code> is a <strong>function</strong>. We <em>call</em> it by using parenthesis and pass it an object by placing the object inside the parenthesis
<pre><code contenteditable class="python" style="min-height: 50px;">
a = 4
print type(a)
print type(4)
print type(3.14)
b = 'spam, again'
print type(b)
print type("But I don't like spam")
</code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Data types - continued ...</h3>
<ul class="list--tall copy--small box--small">
<li>Each data type has a specific set of operators</li>
<li>We saw strings use the <code>+</code> and <code>*</code> operators</li>
<li>An "int" or "float" can be used with any of: <code>+</code>, <code>-</code>, <code>*</code>, <code>/</code></li>
<li>What happens if we try to use division or subtraction with a string?</li>
</ul>
<pre><code contenteditable class="python" style="min-height: 50px;">
>>> print "Spam" / "eggs"
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'str'
</code></pre>
</section>
<!-- STATEMENTS & ERRORS -->
<section>
<h3>Errors</h3>
<ul class="list--tall copy--small box--small">
<li class="fragment">There are different kinds of errors that can occur.<br/><small>We've seen a few already.</small></li>
<li class="fragment">A "runtime error" results in an <strong>Exception</strong>, which has several types.<br/><small>Each type gives us some information about the nature of the error and how to correct it</small></li>
<li class="fragment">One type of exception is a <strong>SyntaxError</strong>. This results when our <span class="red">code can not be evaluated because it is incorrect</span> at a syntactic level.<br/><small>In other words, we are not following the "rules" of the language.</small></li>
<li class="fragment">Some other examples are the <strong>TypeError</strong> and <strong>NameError</strong> exceptions.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Errors - continued ...</h3>
<div class="box--small"><pre><code contenteditable class="python">
# SyntaxError - Doesn't conform to the rules of Python.
# This statement isn't meaningful to the computer
4spam)eggs(garbage) + 10
# NameError - Using a name that hasn't been defined yet
a = 5
print b
b = 10
# TypeError - Using an object in a way that its type does not support
'string1' - 'string2'
</code></pre></div>
<p class="copy--small">There are also <strong>semantic</strong> errors.<br/><small>These are harder to catch because the computer can't catch them for us.</small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Comments</h3>
<p>You can leave comments in your code—notes that people and future you (!) can read (and appreciate) but computers will ignore.</p>
<pre><code class="python"># This is a sample comment.</code></pre>
</section>
<!-- Let's develop it: 10 minutes -->
<section>
<h3>Let's Develop It</h3>
<p class="box copy--small">We'll practice what we've learned in the shell.</p>
<p class="box copy--small">Practice commands you didn't fully understand before.</p>
<p class="box copy--small">Play with strings, arithmetic, variables, type.</p>
<p class="box copy--small">Ask the teacher, TAs, and students around you for help!</p>
</section>
<!-- DEV ENV SETUP : 30 Minutes -->
<section>
<h3>Using the Terminal</h3>
<table class="copy--xsmall" style='line-height: 1.5'>
<tr>
<th style="width: 160px;"><strong>Command</strong></th>
<th style="width: 280px;"><strong>Short for</strong></th>
<th style="padding-bottom: 20px"><strong>Description</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>pwd</code></td>
<td>Print working directory</td>
<td style="padding-bottom: 20px">Displays what folder you are in.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>ls</code></td>
<td>List</td>
<td style="padding-bottom: 20px">Lists the files and folders in the current folder</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>cd</code></td>
<td>Change directory</td>
<td style="padding-bottom: 20px">Change to another folder. Takes the folder name as an argument. 'cd ..' goes up a directory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>mkdir</code></td>
<td>Make directory</td>
<td style="padding-bottom: 20px">Creates a folder with specified name in the current folder</td>
</tr>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Creating a folder</h3>
<p class="copy--small box">We need a folder to save and run our code from.</p>
<div class="fragment">
<p class=" copy--xsmall">($ shows the shell prompt where commands are entered. Lines without $ are output)</p>
<pre><code contenteditable class=" bash small">
$ cd
$ pwd
/home/username ( or /User/username or similar)
$ mkdir gdipython
$ cd gdipython
$ pwd
/home/username/gdipython
</code></pre>
<p class="copy--xsmall box--small">Now that the folders are made, we only have to use<br/><code>$ cd ~/gdipython</code> in the future.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>The Text Editor</h3>
<ul class="list--tall copy--small box--small">
<li class="fragment">Open sublime text.</li>
<li class="fragment">Click "File", then "Open". Navigate to the <code>gdi-intro-python</code> <strong>folder</strong> we just created and click "Open"</li>
<li class="fragment">In the text editor, enter the following:
<pre><code contenteditable class="python" style="min-height: 50px;">
print 'Hello World!'
</code></pre>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Click "File", then "Save As...". Type "class1.py" and click "Save".</li>
<li class="fragment">Open a terminal and navigate to the <code>gdi-intro-python</code> folder.<br/><small>If you don't already have this folder open in a terminal.</small></li>
<li class="fragment">Type <code>python class1.py</code></li>
<li class="fragment">You should see the terminal print "Hello World!"</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>User Input</h3>
<p class="copy--small box--small">To obtain user input, use <code>raw_input()</code></p>
<p class="copy--small box--small">Change the class1.py text to the following and run it again</p>
<pre><code contenteditable class="python" style="min-height: 50px;">
name = raw_input("What is your name?")
age = raw_input("How old are you?")
age_int = int(age)
print "Your name is" + name + " and you are " age + " years old."
type(age)
type(age_int)
</code></pre>
<p class="copy--small box--small">The user's input is always a string. Keep that in mind when working on other problems!</p>
</section>
<!-- Let's develop it: 15 minutes -->
<section>
<h3>Let's Develop It!</h3>
<p class="copy--small box">Write your own program that uses raw_input<br/>and does something else with the value</p>
<p class="copy--xsmall box">You can use float() to treat the input as a number if you need a number,<br/>or use the input directly as a string.</p>
</section>
<!-- OUTRO -->
<section>
<h3>Questions?</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Exercises</h3>
<p class="copy--small box">Write a program that could replace the initial conversation you have at the checkout line. It should do the following:</p>
<div class='box--small'>
<pre><code contenteditable class="python" style="min-height: 50px;">
>> Did you find everything ok?
(wait for input)
>> What's your name?
(read in a name from the user)
>> Hi, (User's Name) do you want paper or plastic?
(wait for input)
>> What is your total before tax?
(read in a total)
>> Your total with sales tax is: (total with sales tax)
(wait for input before exiting)
</code></pre></div>
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